The dual dimension of scientific research experience acquisition and its development: a 40-year analysis of Chinese Humanities and Social Sciences Journals

Scientific experience is crucial for producing high-quality research, and the approach of acquisition can significantly impact its accumulation rate. We present a framework for scientific experience acquisition that outlines the dual dimensions of experience accumulation: self-accumulation and accumulation under senior expert guidance. To validate the framework, we conducted a case study using 2,957,700 papers from all 568 Chinese humanities and social science journals, taking into account the limitations of the international journal system. Our findings reveal that self-accumulation has been gradually declining, decreasing from 57.67% in 1980 to 4.55% in 2020. Conversely, accumulation under senior expert guidance has been steadily increasing, rising from 5.7% in 1980 to 28.69% in 2020. Furthermore, the proportion of the two approaches varies by discipline. Social sciences such as Psychology, Economics, and Management, which rely more on large teams and collaborative research, have a higher proportion of accumulation under senior expert guidance than humanities disciplines like Art, History, and Philosophy, which depend more on individual research. Finally, this research also offers a distinctive exploration of the question posed by the US National Science and Technology Council (2008): how and why do communities of innovation form and evolve.