Estimation of Binary Time-Frequency Masks from Ambient Noise

SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, Volume 56, Issue 3, Page 3559-3587, June 2024.
Abstract. We investigate the retrieval of a binary time-frequency mask from a few observations of filtered white ambient noise. Confirming household wisdom in acoustic modeling, we show that this is possible by inspecting the average spectrogram of ambient noise. Specifically, we show that the lower quantile of the average of [math] masked spectrograms is enough to identify a rather general mask [math] with confidence at least [math], up to shape details concentrated near the boundary of [math]. As an application, the expected measure of the estimation error is dominated by the perimeter of the time-frequency mask. The estimator requires no knowledge of the noise variance, and only a very qualitative profile of the filtering window, but no exact knowledge of it.