痴呆症与耻辱感的可视化:文献综述

IF 1.2 2区 文学 Q3 COMMUNICATION Visual Communication Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI:10.1177/14703572241245587
Emma Putland, Gavin Brookes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

学术界和痴呆症群体都认识到,话语选择是痴呆症相关成见得以延续(或受到挑战)的核心因素。然而,迄今为止,绝大多数有关痴呆症病耻感的话语动态研究都只关注语言的作用,实际上没有考虑到话语的多模态现实。本研究旨在弥补这一不足,对较少且相对较新的研究视觉交流模式的文献进行了范围界定。作者提出了以下问题:(1) 哪些成见理论为痴呆症和痴呆症患者的视觉表征研究提供了信息或指导?(2) 有关痴呆症和痴呆症患者的视觉表征的哪些特征可能会助长和/或挑战痴呆症成见?作者利用 Scopus、PubMed、PsychInfo 和 Google Scholar,选取了 2000 年 1 月至 2023 年 7 月间发表的 10 篇论文,并进行了专题综合。作者发现,大多数研究对特定成见理论的研究有限或根本没有涉及,尽管许多分析都遵循了在本群体("我们")和外群体("他们")之间建立或挑战距离的一般原则。有可能导致成见的视觉特征倾向于通过突出痴呆症的视觉标志(通常强调损失和/或大脑)以及在观众/其他有代表性的参与者与痴呆症患者之间建立象征性的距离,将痴呆症患者非个人化。这种距离可以通过视觉构图技巧(角度、视线、色彩、背景)来实现,例如,可以巧妙地将痴呆症患者定位为 "活死人"。对于有可能挑战成见的视觉特征的关注要少得多,这些特征共同强调了社会联系、转变和从痴呆症患者的角度看问题。至于接受,挑战成见的另一个潜在方面是重新诠释所谓的 "污名化 "图像。本文将结合更广泛的成见文献对这些发现进行解读,并讨论其对未来研究和宣传工作的影响。
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Visualizing dementia and stigma: a scoping review of the literature
Discursive choices are recognized by both academic and dementia communities as being central to the perpetuation (or challenging) of dementia-related stigma. Yet, the focus of the vast majority of research on the discursive dynamics of dementia stigma to date has been on the role of language only, effectively failing to regard the multimodal reality of discourse. The present study aims to address this gap by conducting a scoping review of the smaller, and relatively more recent, body of literature that has examined visual modes of communication. The authors ask the following questions: (1) What theories of stigma have informed or guided studies of visual representations of dementia and people with dementia? (2) What visual features of representations of dementia and people with dementia might contribute to and/or challenge dementia stigma? Using Scopus, PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar, 10 papers published between January 2000 and July 2023 were selected and thematically synthesized. The authors found that most studies had limited or no engagement with specific stigma theories, although the general principle of establishing or challenging distance between an in-group (‘us’) and out-group (‘them’) informed many of the analyses. Visual features with the potential to contribute to stigma tended to impersonalize people with dementia through foregrounding visual markers of dementia (oftentimes emphasizing loss and/or the brain) and establishing symbolic distance between viewers/other represented participants and people with dementia. This distance could be achieved through visual framing techniques (regarding angle, gaze, colour, setting) which, for instance, could subtly position people with dementia as the ‘living dead’. There was much less focus on visual features with the potential to challenge stigma, which together emphasized social connection, transformation and taking the perspective of someone with dementia. Turning to reception, another potential aspect of challenging stigma was reinterpreting supposedly ‘stigmatizing’ images. In this article, these findings are interpreted in relation to the broader stigma literature and implications for future research and advocacy efforts are discussed.
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来源期刊
Visual Communication
Visual Communication COMMUNICATION-
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
13.30%
发文量
45
期刊介绍: Visual Communication provides an international forum for the growing body of work in numerous interrelated disciplines. Its broad coverage includes: still and moving images; graphic design and typography; visual phenomena such as fashion, professional vision, posture and interaction; the built and landscaped environment; the role of the visual in relation to language, music, sound and action.
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