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摘要

区块链技术通过为数据管理和交易提供去中心化、安全和透明的解决方案,已成为一股颠覆性的力量,具有彻底改变各行各业的潜力。区块链最初被认为是比特币等加密货币的底层技术,现在已发展成为适用于金融、供应链管理、医疗保健和政府服务等不同领域的多功能工具。本文概述了区块链技术、其基本原理和关键组件。它探讨了支撑区块链网络的去中心化共识机制、加密技术和数据结构,以确保所记录交易的不变性、透明度和完整性。此外,本文还探讨了与区块链应用相关的挑战和机遇,包括可扩展性、互操作性、监管问题和环境影响。通过对现有文献和案例研究的全面回顾,本研究阐明了区块链技术的潜在优势,如提高效率、降低成本、增强安全性和提高参与者之间的信任度。此外,本研究还重点介绍了区块链研究和实施方面的持续发展、创新和未来方向,强调了跨学科合作和监管框架的必要性,以充分发挥这一变革性技术的潜力。关键词:物联网、区块链、加密货币、智能合约、共识算法、物联网。
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A Review on Blockchain Technology
Blockchain technology has emerged as a disruptive force with the potential to revolutionize various industries by offering decentralized, secure, and transparent solutions for data management and transactions. Initially conceptualized as the underlying technology for cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, blockchain has evolved into a versatile tool applicable across diverse domains such as finance, supply chain management, healthcare, and government services. This paper provides an overview of blockchain technology, its fundamental principles, and key components. It explores the decentralized consensus mechanisms, cryptographic techniques, and data structures that underpin blockchain networks, ensuring immutability, transparency, and integrity of recorded transactions. Furthermore, the paper examines the challenges and opportunities associated with blockchain adoption, including scalability, interoperability, regulatory concerns, and environmental impact. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies, this research elucidates the potential benefits of blockchain technology, such as increased efficiency, reduced costs, enhanced security, and improved trust among participants. Additionally, it highlights ongoing developments, innovations, and future directions in blockchain research and implementation, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and regulatory frameworks to realize the full potential of this transformative technology. Keywords : IOT, blockchain, cryptocurrency, smart contracts, consensus algorithms, internet of things.
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