High-Impact Dynamic Loading Method for Calibration of Triaxial Acceleration Sensors

In this study, a high-impact dynamic loading device was designed to generate a three-dimensional pulse excitation signal with high intensity shock acceleration and achieve triaxial synchronous calibration of a triaxial acceleration sensor. A light-gas gun interior ballistic model and a sensor mechanical response model were developed, and the relationships between the bullet impact velocity, barrel length, and initial chamber pressure were obtained. Additionally, the transformation relationship of the sensor’s triaxial acceleration in different coordinate systems was derived. Based on the stress wave theory and the finite element method, the influence of the bullet impact velocity on the variation pulse, and different slope and deflection angles on the triaxial acceleration were analyzed. By optimizing the parameter design, machining the prototype, and conducting high-impact dynamic loading tests, the results showed that the deviation between theoretical and measured values of the generated triaxial acceleration signal was small, and the maximum deviation was less than 4%. This indicated that the proposed high-impact dynamic loading device satisfied the calibration requirements for calibrating triaxial acceleration sensors, which can generate a three-dimensional acceleration with a peak value of not less than 700,000 m/s².