使用矿质宏量营养元素种植番茄作物的产量和果实特征:叶面或土壤施用有机矿物肥料的影响

Plants Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI:10.3390/plants13111458
G. Disciglio, A. Tarantino, L. Frabboni
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引用次数: 0

摘要

植物生物刺激剂作为一种提高植物生产力和土壤健康的策略,其利用已变得越来越重要。我们在两个季节(2021 年和 2023 年)内进行了两项独立试验,以评估叶面或土壤施用具有生物刺激作用的各种商用有机矿物质肥料(Futuroot®、Radicon® Amifort®)对接触过矿物质大量元素的加工番茄作物(cv Taylor F1)的产量和果实特征的影响。这些处理在当季进行了三次:移栽、开花前和浆果发育阶段。第一次试验分别在肥力较低和肥力较高的两块地里进行,与对照组相比,叶面喷施以腐殖酸和氨基酸为基础的 Radicon® 增加了叶绿指数 SPAD。此外,在番茄生育期测量的叶片绿色强度(SPAD 指数)与获得的上市产量呈正相关(R2 = 0.726)。在两种土壤中,生物刺激剂处理的番茄上市产量都比对照组有显著提高,尤其是在肥力较低的土壤中(16.1%),而在肥力较高的土壤中(6.8%)。第二项试验在上述低肥力土壤中进行,与对照相比,在土壤中施用所有生物刺激剂(Futuroot®、Radicon® 和 Radicon® + Amifort-Plus® 组合)分别显著提高了 27.8%、13.5% 和 27.7%的可销售产量。Futuroot®和[Radicon® + Amifort®]最明显的增产效果可归因于腐殖酸与这些产品配方中的辅助素、细胞分裂素或微量元素(锌、锰、氧化镁)的结合。此外,在叶片上施用 Radicon® 时,上市产量的增幅(16.1%)高于在土壤中施用时的增幅(13.5%)。在这两项试验中,没有观察到生物刺激剂产品对番茄果实的大多数理化特性产生相关影响。总之,本研究中以腐植酸和氨基酸为基础的生物刺激剂与化肥结合施肥,对提高番茄产量更有效,因此可推荐用于高效农业生产。
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Yield and Fruit Characteristics of Tomato Crops Grown with Mineral Macronutrients: Impact of Organo-Mineral Fertilizers through Foliar or Soil Applications
The utilization of plant biostimulants has gained importance as a strategy by which to improve plant productivity and soil health. Two independent trials were conducted across two seasons (2021 and 2023) to evaluate the effects of foliar or soil applications of various commercial organo-mineral fertilizers (Futuroot®, Radicon® Amifort®) with biostimulant action that is exerted on yield and fruit characteristics of processing tomato crops (cv Taylor F1) that have been exposed to mineral macronutrients. These treatments were administered three times during the season: at the transplanting, pre-flowering and berry development stages. In the first trial, conducted in two fields characterized respectively by low and high fertility, foliar applications of Radicon®, which is based on humic acid and amino acids, increased the leaf greenness index SPAD compared with the control. Furthermore, the leaf green colour intensity (SPAD index), measured during the reproductive phases of the tomato exhibited a positive correlation (R2 = 0.726) with the marketable yield obtained. This increase in marketable yield was significant in the biostimulant treatment compared with the control in both soils, especially in the soil characterized by lower fertility (16.1%), when compared with the more fertile soil (6.8%). In the second trial, conducted in the low-fertility field mentioned above, soil applications of all biostimulants (Futuroot®, Radicon® and the combinations [Radicon® + Amifort-Plus®]) significantly increased the marketable yield by 27.8%, 13.5% and 27.7%, respectively, compared with the control. The most significant beneficial effects of both Futuroot® and [Radicon® + Amifort®] could be attributed to the combination of humic acids and auxins, cytokinins or microelements (Zn, Mn, MgO) present in the formulation of these products. Furthermore, the increase in marketable yield obtained when Radicon® was applied to leaves was higher (16.1%) than that observed with soil application (13.5%). In both trials, no relevant effects of biostimulant products were observed on most of the physicochemical characteristics of tomato fruits. In conclusion, the biostimulants based on humic acid and amino acids combined with chemical fertilizers tested in the present study and applied by fertigation were more effective in improving tomato yield, and therefore they can be recommended for efficient agricultural production.
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