识别结构缺陷及其对 VNS9-SH 薄板绊脚钢的磁记忆、静态和循环强度的影响

A. A. Dubov, A. V. Yamchuk, A. A. Sobranin, A. К. Slizov, A. V. Arsenov, D. V. Prosvirnin, A. Yu. Marchenkov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

微结构缺陷是机械工程产品运行过程中的应力集中体(SC),识别微结构缺陷是与制造企业相关的一项重要科学和实践任务。对于由 TRIP 钢 VNS9-Sh (23Kh15N5AM3-Sh)薄板制成并在循环载荷下工作的直升机关键部件而言,由于钢的微观结构复杂且带材和薄板厚度较小,这一问题变得尤为紧迫和困难。为了评估结构缺陷对所研究钢材产品的循环强度的影响,根据使用金属磁记忆法(MMM)和金相研究对试样进行测试的结果,对试样进行了初步分类。金属磁记忆法是一种对结构敏感的方法,可提供有关制造过程中出现的结构缺陷的信息。在从五个不同批次切割下来的板材表面上发现了磁异常,其表现形式为固有杂散磁场 (SSMF) (H) 及其梯度 |ΔH| 沿着受控截面 Δx 的长度方向发生急剧的局部变化。根据磁场梯度的大小对确定的异常点进行了常规分类。在磁异常区内和磁异常区外切割了两种类型的试样:类型 1 - 用于循环测试,类型 2 - 用于金相研究。1 型和 2 型试样上磁异常的几何参数和磁场梯度值相同。在 2 型试样的最大磁场梯度区进行的金相研究发现,在不同结构的边界上存在条状缺陷,这是结构应力集中器 (SSC),也是磁性不均匀和变化的来源。然后选择具有类似磁异常的 1 类试样和从磁异常区域外的板材上切割的 1 类试样进行循环测试。对含有和不含特定 SSC 的试样进行了循环强度比较试验。结果表明,与不含 SSC 的试样相比,试样中 SSC 区的存在使循环试验中的破坏循环次数减少了 1 - 2 个数量级。根据试样的循环拉伸试验,确定了磁场梯度的极限值,该值符合结构缺陷应力集中的可接受水平。建议在使用 MMM 方法检测新胶带时将此值作为剔除标准。
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Identification of structural defects and their impact on the magnetic memory, static and cyclic strength of VNS9-SH thin sheet trip-steel
Identification of microstructure defects, which are stress concentrators (SC) during the operation of mechanical engineering products, is an important scientific and practical task relevant for manufacturing enterprises. This problem becomes especially urgent and difficult for critical helicopter parts made of sheet TRIP steel VNS9-Sh (23Kh15N5AM3-Sh) and operating under cyclic loads due to the complex microstructure of the steel and small thickness of strips and sheets. To assess the impact of structural defects on the cyclic strength of products made of the steel under study, the specimens were preliminary sorted proceeding from the results of their testing using the method of metal magnetic memory (MMM) and metallographic studies. The MMM method is a structure-sensitive procedure which provides information about the presence of structural defects that arise during the manufacture. Magnetic anomalies in the form of sharp local changes in the intrinsic stray magnetic field (SSMF) (H) and its gradient |ΔH| along the length of the controlled section Δx, were identified on the surface of sheets cut from five different batches. A conventional classification of the identified anomalies was made according to the magnitude of the magnetic field gradient. The specimens of two types were cut in zones of magnetic anomalies and outside them: type 1 — for cyclic tests and type 2 — for metallographic studies. The geometric parameters and field gradient values of magnetic anomalies on specimens of type 1 and type 2 were the same. Metallographic studies in zones of maximum magnetic field gradient on type 2 specimens revealed defects in the form of a strip at the boundary of different structures, which is a structural stress concentrator (SSC) and a source of the inhomogeneity and changes in the magnetic properties. Type 1 specimens with similar magnetic anomalies and Type 1 specimens cut from sheets outside zones of magnetic anomalies were then selected for cyclic testing. Comparative tests for cyclic strength of the specimens with and without specified SSC were carried out. It is shown that the presence of SSC zones in the specimens reduces the number of cycles to failure during cyclic tests by 1 – 2 orders of magnitude compared to the specimens free of SSC. Based on cyclic tensile tests of specimens, a limiting value of the magnetic field gradient was determined that corresponds to the acceptable level of stress concentration on structural defects. This value is recommended for use as a rejection criterion when examining a new tape by the MMM method. 
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