IMMEDIATE RESULTS OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY FOR COMPLICATED PEPTIC ULCERS OF THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM

Objective: To enhance the immediate treatment outcomes of complicated peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum through the development and application of video-assisted organ-preserving surgeries. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed the treatment outcomes of 261 patients with complicated gastric and duodenal ulcers. The patients received the treatment in the surgical departments of Azerbaijan State Advanced Training Institute for Doctors named after A. Aliyev, Scientific Surgical Center named after M.A. Topchubashev, and Sabunchi Medical Center from 2015 to 2023. All patients with perforated and bleeding ulcers of the stomach and duodenum underwent clinical and instrumental examinations. The initial general condition of the patient was thoroughly assessed. Among the patients, there were 220 men (84.3%) and 41 women (15.7%), with ages ranging from 18 to 84 years. There were 75 (28.7%) patients complicated with bleeding of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and 186 (71.3%) patients with perforation. In the control group, traditional, "open" surgical interventions were performed in 164 (62.8%) patients, and minimally invasive endoscopic video-assisted operations were performed in 97 (37.2%) cases. Out of 186 patients, 124 (66.7%) underwent traditional suturing of a perforated gastroduodenal ulcer during laparotomy, while 62 (33.3%) underwent minimally invasive endosurgical interventions. In the control group, 12 (8.4%) patients underwent gastric resection, and 10 (5.4%) underwent vagotomy with pyloroplasty. The immediate results of radical operations for a perforated ulcer were characterized by a high percentage of early complications, with 5 (41.6%) cases. Results. Of the 186 patients operated on for perforated gastroduodenal ulcer, 12 individuals (6.5±2.9%) developed complications in the postoperative period: 9 (7.3%) in the comparison group, and 3 (4.8%) patients in the main group. We obtained a statistically significant shorter duration of a surgical intervention by 24.8 minutes and shorter hospital staying time due to a decrease in the duration of the postoperative period by 5.3 days, a lower number of postoperative complications by 2.5%, and a lower postoperative mortality by 2.4%. The duration of laparoscopic suturing of a perforated ulcer averaged 38.6 minutes. The duration of hospital staying averaged 6.9±1.2 days. The use of minimally invasive interventions for ulcerative duodenal bleeding was accompanied by a significant reduction in the rehabilitation period compared with that after traditional, "open" operations that amounted to 18.3+3.6 and 35.5±5.9 days, respectively. Postoperative mortality was 1.3% (1 patient in the control group died). Conclusion. The outcome of treatment depends on the age of patients, the timing of the onset of the disease, the severity of concomitant pathology, the severity and extent of peritonitis and the duration of ulcerative anamnesis.