将灾害风险管理纳入信仰机构主流的机遇与挑战

Peter Masvotore
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摘要

2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫情在 2020 年给全世界造成了混乱,证实了让宗教领袖掌握灾害风险管理(DRM)知识和技能的必要性和紧迫性。宗教领袖往往是灾难发生时的第一批响应者。尤其是在非洲,宗教团体在民众中的影响力往往超过国家本身。本文利用多方面的方法和有目的的抽样访谈分析表明,非洲(尤其是津巴布韦)的宗教领袖对 COVID-19 的反应突出表明,迫切需要采取更有针对性和深思熟虑的方法,让宗教领袖掌握灾难恢复管理的知识和技能。这进一步表明,在某些领域,宗教领袖做出了有效的反应(传达正确的信息、开展减轻影响的活动等),但在其他大多数领域,他们与其他民众一样没有做好准备,处于瘫痪状态。然而,批评他们的反应是非常不公平的,因为他们中的大多数人从未接触过灾难恢复管理的基本原则,无论是在他们的成长过程中,还是作为终身学习的一部分:文章最后建议将减少悲剧危害纳入宗教机构课程的主流,以阻止、减轻和实际应对社区内当前和未来的悲剧。
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Opportunities and challenges of mainstreaming disaster risk management in faith institutions
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic had created mayhem world over in the year 2020 and confirmed the need and urgency of equipping religious leaders with disaster risk management (DRM) knowledge and skills. Religious leaders are often expected to be among the first responders when disasters strike. This is especially the case in Africa where faith communities often have greater reach among the populace than the state itself. Using multifaceted methodology and purposive sampling interview analysis, this article shows that the responses of religious leaders in Africa, Zimbabwe in particular, to COVID-19 highlighted the urgency of adopting a more focussed and deliberate approach towards equipping religious leaders with DRM knowledge and skills. It further demonstrates that in some areas religious leaders responded effectively (communicating the right message, impact mitigation activities, etc.), in most other areas, they were as unprepared and in a state of paralysis as the rest of the populace. It would however, be grossly unfair to critique their response since most of them have never been exposed to the basic tenets of DRM, either in their formation or as part of life-long learning.Contribution: The article concludes by suggesting mainstreaming tragedy hazard reducing in the curricula of religious institutions for stoppage, mitigation and actual answer to current and future tragedies within communities.
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