政治上接受危险技术:通过瑞士案例研究看含铅汽油的例子(1921-1970 年)

IF 0.8 3区 历史学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Environment and History Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI:10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903593
Tiphaine Robert
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1921 年,通用汽车公司的化学家们决定在汽油中添加四乙基铅(一种剧毒铅添加剂),以减少内燃机的 "爆震 "或 "乒乒乓乓 "声。尽管遭到了卫生部门的反对,但铅添加剂还是在全球市场上占据了主导地位,尤其是在大加速时期(1950-2000 年)。在逐步取消使用铅添加剂之前,美国和欧洲有很多人反对使用这种添加剂。为什么会出现如此广泛的中毒现象?我们分析了瑞士的案例,以解释对铅中毒的接受。我们的目的是要说明,尽管已知铅对人体有风险,但人们对有毒铅对健康和环境影响的担忧如何没有得到宣传,以及企业利益如何压倒了对社会福祉的担忧。
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Political Acceptance of Dangerous Technology: The Example of Leaded Petrol through the Case Study of Switzerland (1921–1970)
In 1921, General Motors chemists decided to add tetraethyl, a highly toxic lead additive, into petrol to reduce ‘knock’ or ‘pinging’ in internal combustion engines. Despite the opposition from health authorities, the lead additive would come to dominate the global market, particularly during the Great Acceleration (1950–2000). Before the progressive elimination of its use, many voices in the USA and in Europe spoke out against using this additive. How was such acceptance of widespread poisoning possible? We analyse the case of Switzerland to explain the acceptance of lead poisoning. Our aim is to show how concerns over health and environmental impacts from toxic lead were not publicised and how corporate interests trumped concerns over the wellbeing of the community, despite known human risks.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
46
期刊介绍: Environment and History is an interdisciplinary journal which aims to bring scholars in the humanities and biological sciences closer together, with the deliberate intention of constructing long and well-founded perspectives on present day environmental problems. Articles appearing in Environment and History are abstracted and indexed in America: History and Life, British Humanities Index, CAB Abstracts, Environment Abstracts, Environmental Policy Abstracts, Forestry Abstracts, Geo Abstracts, Historical Abstracts, History Journals Guide, International Bibliography of Social Sciences, Landscape Research Extra, Referativnyi Zhurnal, Rural Sociology Abstracts, Social Sciences in Forestry and World Agricultural Economics.
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