采用欧拉方法计算大型沿海泻湖(西非贝宁诺库埃泻湖)的水团环流和停留时间

IF 3.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Ocean Modelling Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI:10.1016/j.ocemod.2024.102388
Kodjo Jules Honfo , Alexis Chaigneau , Yves Morel , Thomas Duhaut , Patrick Marsaleix , Olaègbè Victor Okpeitcha , Thomas Stieglitz , Sylvain Ouillon , Ezinvi Baloitcha , Fabien Rétif
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引用次数: 0

摘要

通过使用三维 SYMPHONIE 模型进行数值模拟,分析了贝宁诺库埃泻湖(面积 150 平方公里)和浅水区(旱季平均水深 1.3 米)的季节性水循环和停留时间。详细研究了全年四个主要水文期的平均环流情况。尽管泻湖水位较浅,但观察到湖面和湖底条件之间存在显著差异。在洪水季节(9 月至 11 月),大量河水流入(1200 立方米/秒)导致近似气压的水流(7 厘米/秒),将河流与大西洋 "直接 "连接起来。快速的水流冲刷导致水体停留时间很短,从 3 天到 16 天不等,淡水流入和风力驱动着泻湖的动态变化。在盐渍化时期(12 月至 1 月),环流转变为河口模式,其特点是表层水流出,海洋水从底部进入泻湖。平均流速(∼2 厘米/秒)和再循环单元相对较弱,导致停留时间延长,约为 4 个月。在此期间,环流主要受潮汐、海洋-泻湖盐度梯度、风和河流排水量(∼100 立方米/秒)的影响。在枯水期(2 月至 6 月),河水流入量极少,泻湖水位较低。主要的西南风会产生小尺度环流(每秒 ∼ 3 厘米),并形成多个再循环和滞留单元的复杂模式。停留时间从 1 个月到 4 个月不等,从 2 月到 6 月逐渐缩短。在泻湖的海水淡化季节(7 月至 8 月),不断增加的河流流入量再次建立了河流与海洋的直接联系,平均停留时间缩短至 20 天。值得注意的是,研究发现了一个临界河流排水量阈值(50-100 立方米/秒),超过该阈值,泻湖将在数天内排空。这项研究强调了 12 月至 6 月间风力驱动的环流如何滞留水和潜在的污染物,而河流流入、潮汐和海洋-泻湖盐度梯度又如何促进水的排放。此外,研究还探讨了滞留时间和冲刷时间之间的差异,以及所使用模拟中发现的一些局限性。
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Water mass circulation and residence time using Eulerian approach in a large coastal lagoon (Nokoué Lagoon, Benin, West Africa)

Seasonal water circulation and residence times in the large (150 km2) and shallow (1.3 m average dry season depth) Nokoué Lagoon (Benin) are analyzed by means of numerical simulations using the three-dimensional SYMPHONIE model. The average circulation during the four primary hydrological periods throughout the year are studied in detail. Despite the lagoon's shallowness, significant disparities between surface and bottom conditions are observed. During the flood season (September-November), substantial river inflow (∼1200 m3/s) leads to nearly barotropic currents (∼7 cm/s), ‘directly’ linking rivers to the Atlantic Ocean. Rapid flushing results in short water residence times ranging from 3 to 16 days, with freshwater inflow and winds driving lagoon dynamics. During the salinization period (December-January) the circulation transforms into an estuarine pattern, characterized by surface water exiting and oceanic water entering the lagoon at the bottom. Average currents (∼2 cm/s) and recirculation cells are relatively weak, resulting in a prolonged residence time of approximately 4 months. Circulation during this time is dominated by tides, the ocean-lagoon salinity gradient, wind, and river discharge (∼100 m3/s). During low-water months (February to June), minimal river inflow and low lagoon water-levels prevail. Predominant southwest winds generate a small-scale circulation (∼3 cm/s) with a complex pattern of multiple recirculation and retention cells. Residence times vary from 1 to 4 months, declining from February to June. During the lagoon's desalination season (July-August), increasing river inflows again establish a direct river-ocean connection, and average residence times reduce to ∼20 days. Notably, a critical river discharge threshold (∼50-100 m3/s) is identified, beyond which the lagoon empties within days. This study highlights how wind-driven circulation between December and June can trap water along with potential pollutants, while river inflows, tides, and the ocean-lagoon salinity gradient facilitate water discharge. Additionally, it explores the differences between residence and flushing times, as well as some of the limitations identified in the simulations used.

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来源期刊
Ocean Modelling
Ocean Modelling 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
9.40%
发文量
86
审稿时长
19.6 weeks
期刊介绍: The main objective of Ocean Modelling is to provide rapid communication between those interested in ocean modelling, whether through direct observation, or through analytical, numerical or laboratory models, and including interactions between physical and biogeochemical or biological phenomena. Because of the intimate links between ocean and atmosphere, involvement of scientists interested in influences of either medium on the other is welcome. The journal has a wide scope and includes ocean-atmosphere interaction in various forms as well as pure ocean results. In addition to primary peer-reviewed papers, the journal provides review papers, preliminary communications, and discussions.
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