Automated discovery of symbolic laws governing skill acquisition from naturally occurring data

Skill acquisition is a key area of research in cognitive psychology as it encompasses multiple psychological processes. The laws discovered under experimental paradigms are controversial and lack generalizability. This paper aims to unearth the laws of skill learning from large-scale training log data. A two-stage algorithm was developed to tackle the issues of unobservable cognitive states and an algorithmic explosion in searching. A deep learning model is initially employed to determine the learner’s cognitive state and assess the feature importance. Symbolic regression algorithms are then used to parse the neural network model into algebraic equations. Experimental results show that the algorithm can accurately restore preset laws within a noise range in continuous feedback settings. When applied to Lumosity training data, the method outperforms traditional and recent models in fitness terms. The study reveals two new forms of skill acquisition laws and reaffirms some previous findings. This paper introduces an algorithm to uncover laws of skill acquisition from naturally occurring data. By combining deep learning and symbolic regression, it accurately identifies cognitive states and extracts algebraic equations.