利什曼病疫苗设计技术:当前的挑战和影响。

Jyoti Gupta, Yukta Menon, Subodh Kumar, Chakresh Kumar Jain
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摘要

利什曼病是由利什曼属原生动物寄生虫引起的一种致残性疾病,通过雌性沙蝇叮咬传播,尽管疫苗开发方面的研究与合作仍在继续,但仍面临着巨大挑战。寄生虫的生命周期阶段与宿主的免疫反应(即原生体和非原生体形式)之间错综复杂的相互作用增加了疫苗设计的复杂性。要想研制出有效的利什曼病疫苗,就必须全面了解可提供持久保护的免疫机制,这就需要开展广泛的研究工作。在这一过程中,反向疫苗学和计算机辅助设计等创新方法为揭示宿主与病原体之间错综复杂的相互作用和确定有效的候选疫苗提供了一条充满希望的途径。然而,包括治疗方案有限、需要持续的抗原存在以及普遍的合并感染(尤其是与艾滋病毒的合并感染)在内的诸多障碍阻碍了研究的进展。不过,通过坚持不懈的研究努力和合作计划,开发高效利什曼病疫苗的目标是可以实现的,通过最新的 Omics 数据开发和免疫信息学方法,为有效设计预防该疾病的疫苗带来了希望。
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Vaccine Designing Technology against Leishmaniasis: Current Challenges and Implication.

Leishmaniasis, a debilitating disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by the bite of a female sandfly, continues to present significant challenges despite ongoing research and collaboration in vaccine development. The intricate interaction between the parasite's life cycle stages and the host's immunological response, namely the promastigote and amastigote forms, adds complexity to vaccine design. The quest for a potent vaccine against Leishmaniasis demands a comprehensive understanding of the immune mechanisms that confer long-lasting protection, which necessitates extensive research efforts. In this pursuit, innovative approaches such as reverse vaccinology and computer-aided design offer promising avenues for unraveling the intricacies of host-pathogen interactions and identifying effective vaccine candidates. However, numerous obstacles, including limited treatment options, the need for sustained antigenic presence, and the prevalence of co-infections, particularly with HIV, impede progress. Nevertheless, through persistent research endeavours and collaborative initiatives, the goal of developing a highly efficacious vaccine against Leishmaniasis can be achieved, offering hope through the latest Omics data development with immunoinformatics approaches for effective vaccine design for the prevention of this disease.

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