多发性硬化症与肠道:追捕微生物罪犯

IF 7.5 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Immunological Reviews Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI:10.1111/imr.13357
Anneli Peters, Lisa Ann Gerdes, Hartmut Wekerle
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引用次数: 0

摘要

多发性硬化症(MS)影响着全球 280 多万人,但分布并不均匀。尽管有 200 多个基因变异与易感性有关,但对基因相同的单卵双生孪生兄弟的研究表明,基因构成只占发病风险的 20%-30% 左右,其余则由环境因素造成。最近,一个意想不到的新角色加入了多发性硬化症诱发或促进因素的行列:人类肠道微生物群。在这篇综述中,我们总结了微生物对形成针对远端中枢神经系统的致病性自体反应性免疫反应的影响的现有知识,并描述了在多发性硬化症患者和多发性硬化症动物模型中采用的方法,这些方法导致了这一概念的形成。最后,我们建议将对人类患者的调查与对合适动物模型的研究紧密结合起来,这是确定疾病相关微生物群功能特征的最佳策略,从而有助于破译人类复杂疾病的发病机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Multiple sclerosis and the intestine: Chasing the microbial offender

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 2.8 million people worldwide but the distribution is not even. Although over 200 gene variants have been associated with susceptibility, studies of genetically identical monozygotic twin pairs suggest that the genetic make-up is responsible for only about 20%–30% of the risk to develop disease, while the rest is contributed by milieu factors. Recently, a new, unexpected player has entered the ranks of MS-triggering or facilitating elements: the human gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge of microbial effects on formation of a pathogenic autoreactive immune response targeting the distant central nervous system and delineate the approaches, both in people with MS and in MS animal models, which have led to this concept. Finally, we propose that a tight combination of investigations of human patients with studies of suitable animal models is the best strategy to functionally characterize disease-associated microbiota and thereby contribute to deciphering pathogenesis of a complex human disease.

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来源期刊
Immunological Reviews
Immunological Reviews 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
16.20
自引率
1.10%
发文量
118
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Immunological Reviews is a specialized journal that focuses on various aspects of immunological research. It encompasses a wide range of topics, such as clinical immunology, experimental immunology, and investigations related to allergy and the immune system. The journal follows a unique approach where each volume is dedicated solely to a specific area of immunological research. However, collectively, these volumes aim to offer an extensive and up-to-date overview of the latest advancements in basic immunology and their practical implications in clinical settings.
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