苏门答腊猩猩(Pongo abelii)的母性行为受母子特征和社会生态因素的影响

IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY International Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI:10.1007/s10764-024-00435-5
T. Revathe, Roger Mundry, Sri Suci Utami-Atmoko, Deana Perawati, Paul-Christian Bürkner, Maria A. van Noordwijk, Caroline Schuppli
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摘要

哺乳动物的母亲会对其后代进行灵活投资,以最大限度地提高后代的终生适应能力。灵活的母性投资对于需要长期母性照料的大脑型物种(如类人猿)可能尤为重要。我们利用广义线性混合模型研究了社会生态因素和母子特征对野生苏门答腊猩猩(Pongo abelii;N = 22 对母子;>2007-2022 年 11,200 小时的焦点数据)九种母性行为的影响。这些行为属于四种母性功能:运动支持(携带)、技能习得支持(近距离采食、食物转移)、保护性近距离维持(身体接触和近距离开始、跟随)以及促进独立性(身体接触和近距离终止、回避)。母亲的胎次与任何母性行为都没有明显的关联。与年龄较大的后代相比,母亲更倾向于为年龄较小的后代提供运动支持、技能学习支持和保护性亲近维持,而与年龄较小的后代相比,母亲更倾向于促进年龄较大的后代的独立性。有雄性后代的母亲比有雌性后代的母亲更有可能对后代提供技能习得支持。随着食物可获得性的增加,技能习得支持减少。随着群体大小(即彼此相距50米以内的个体数量)的增加,母亲更有可能表现出保护性的近距离维持,而较少可能促进独立性。当雄性个体出现时,母亲更倾向于为后代提供运动支持。因此,苏门答腊红毛猩猩的母亲会根据当时的社会生态因素和母子特征灵活地调整引导后代的行为。我们的发现为哺乳动物母亲灵活投资于后代的进化理论提供了支持。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Maternal Behavior in Sumatran Orangutans (Pongo abelii) is Modulated by Mother-Offspring Characteristics and Socioecological Factors

Mammalian mothers flexibly invest in their offspring to maximize their lifetime fitness. Flexible maternal investment may be particularly important in large-brained species with prolonged maternal care, e.g., in great apes. We investigated the effects of socioecological factors and mother–offspring characteristics on nine maternal behaviors in wild Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii; N = 22 mother-offspring pairs; >11,200 hr of focal data from 2007–2022) using generalized linear mixed models. The behaviors fall under four maternal functions: locomotory support (carrying), skill acquisition support (feeding in proximity, food transfer), protective proximity maintenance (body contact and proximity initiation, following), and independence promotion (body contact and proximity termination, avoiding). Mother’s parity was not significantly associated with any maternal behavior. Mothers were more likely to show locomotory support, skill acquisition support, and protective proximity maintenance toward younger than older offspring, whereas they were more likely to promote independence in older than younger offspring. Mothers with male offspring were more likely to show skill acquisition support to their offspring than those with female offspring. With increasing food availability, skill acquisition support reduced. With increasing association size (i.e., the number of individuals within 50 m of each other), mothers were more likely to show protective proximity maintenance and less likely to promote independence. When males were present, mothers were more likely to show locomotory support to their offspring. Sumatran orangutan mothers thus flexibly adjust offspring-directed behavior in response to prevailing socioecological factors and mother–offspring characteristics. Our findings add support to the evolutionary theory that mammalian mothers flexibly invest in their offspring.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
16.00%
发文量
68
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Primatology is a multidisciplinary forum devoted to the dissemination of current research in fundamental primatology. Publishing peer-reviewed, high-quality original articles which feature primates, the journal gathers laboratory and field studies from such diverse disciplines as anthropology, anatomy, ecology, ethology, paleontology, psychology, sociology, and zoology.
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