Cheyenne Sloan, L. DeVetter, Deirdre Griffin‐LaHue, Chris Benedict, D. Bryla, Gabriel T. LaHue
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Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to estimate the timing and magnitude of net N mineralization from SOM throughout the growing season, identify soil properties that can be measured commercially and used to predict net N mineralization across a range of SOM, and determine whether N requirements for maximizing yield and fruit quality of blueberry vary across soils with different amounts of SOM. The laboratory experiment was conducted for 6 months using soil samples collected from 10 representative commercial blueberry fields in northwest Washington. The soils contained 2% to 42% soil organic carbon (SOC). The mean net N mineralization rates were fastest during the first 3 to 4 months of incubation, corresponding to the period during which N uptake reaches its maximum in blueberry. Results indicated that the soil total N may be a useful predictor of the N supply from SOM (6.34 ± 1.13 kg⋅ha−1 increase in net N mineralization with each 0.1% increase in total N), but there was substantial variability in the N supply that could not by explained by the total N (P < 0.001; r2 = 0.433). The field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021 and included four mature, regionally representative, commercial fields of ‘Duke’ blueberry. The fields contained 3% to 28% SOC and were each fertilized with low, medium (control), or high N rates, corresponding to 33 to 50, 67 to 84, or 102 to 118 kg⋅ha−1 N per year, respectively. Although soil inorganic N levels suggested that N mineralization was substantial at sites with higher SOM, sites with lower SOM did not require more fertilizer N than those with higher SOM. Under the conditions of this experiment, even the lowest N rates were sufficient to sustain production for at least 3 years at each site. The findings of this study indicate that SOM may be an important contributor to N fertility in managed blueberry systems, and that yield and fruit quality can be maintained across various N fertilizer rates, including at rates <50 kg⋅ha−1 N. However, the long-term impacts of reducing N application rates remain unclear, and future research should monitor long-term changes in plant health and soil fertility associated with reduced N applications across diverse soils and production systems.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Nitrogen Supply from Soil Organic Matter: Predictors and Implications for Recommended Nitrogen Application Rates in Northern Highbush Blueberry\",\"authors\":\"Cheyenne Sloan, L. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
氮(N)管理是保持北方高丛蓝莓(Vaccinium corymbosum L.)高产的关键因素,通常通过施用铵基肥料来提供氮。氮也可以通过土壤有机质(SOM)矿化来提供,但 SOM 的释放量很难预测,在制定和实施氮肥计划时也不一定会考虑到这一点。我们进行了实验室和田间试验,以估算整个生长季节 SOM 净氮矿化的时间和程度,确定可通过商业测量并用于预测不同 SOM 净氮矿化的土壤特性,并确定不同 SOM 含量的土壤在最大限度提高蓝莓产量和果实品质方面对氮的需求是否有所不同。实验室实验使用从华盛顿州西北部 10 块具有代表性的商业蓝莓田采集的土壤样本进行,为期 6 个月。这些土壤含有 2% 到 42% 的土壤有机碳 (SOC)。在培养的前 3 到 4 个月中,平均净氮矿化率最快,这也是蓝莓对氮的吸收达到最大值的时期。结果表明,土壤全氮可以有效预测 SOM 的氮供应量(全氮每增加 0.1%,净氮矿化率就增加 6.34 ± 1.13 kg-ha-1),但氮供应量的变化很大,无法用全氮来解释(P < 0.001;r2 = 0.433)。田间试验于 2019 年至 2021 年进行,包括四块成熟的、具有地区代表性的 "公爵 "蓝莓商品田。这些田地含有 3% 至 28% 的 SOC,并分别施以低、中(对照)或高氮肥,相当于每年 33 至 50、67 至 84 或 102 至 118 千克/公顷-1 氮。虽然土壤中的无机氮含量表明,在 SOM 较高的地方,氮的矿化程度很高,但 SOM 较低的地方并不比 SOM 较高的地方需要更多的氮肥。在本实验条件下,即使最低的氮肥用量也足以维持每个地点至少 3 年的生产。然而,降低氮肥施用量的长期影响仍不清楚,未来的研究应监测不同土壤和生产系统减少氮肥施用量对植物健康和土壤肥力的长期影响。
Nitrogen Supply from Soil Organic Matter: Predictors and Implications for Recommended Nitrogen Application Rates in Northern Highbush Blueberry
Nitrogen (N) management is a key component to maintaining high productivity of northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and nitrogen is often supplied by applying ammonium-based fertilizers. It can also be supplied through mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM), although the amount released by SOM is difficult to predict and not always considered in the development and implementation of N fertility programs. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to estimate the timing and magnitude of net N mineralization from SOM throughout the growing season, identify soil properties that can be measured commercially and used to predict net N mineralization across a range of SOM, and determine whether N requirements for maximizing yield and fruit quality of blueberry vary across soils with different amounts of SOM. The laboratory experiment was conducted for 6 months using soil samples collected from 10 representative commercial blueberry fields in northwest Washington. The soils contained 2% to 42% soil organic carbon (SOC). The mean net N mineralization rates were fastest during the first 3 to 4 months of incubation, corresponding to the period during which N uptake reaches its maximum in blueberry. Results indicated that the soil total N may be a useful predictor of the N supply from SOM (6.34 ± 1.13 kg⋅ha−1 increase in net N mineralization with each 0.1% increase in total N), but there was substantial variability in the N supply that could not by explained by the total N (P < 0.001; r2 = 0.433). The field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021 and included four mature, regionally representative, commercial fields of ‘Duke’ blueberry. The fields contained 3% to 28% SOC and were each fertilized with low, medium (control), or high N rates, corresponding to 33 to 50, 67 to 84, or 102 to 118 kg⋅ha−1 N per year, respectively. Although soil inorganic N levels suggested that N mineralization was substantial at sites with higher SOM, sites with lower SOM did not require more fertilizer N than those with higher SOM. Under the conditions of this experiment, even the lowest N rates were sufficient to sustain production for at least 3 years at each site. The findings of this study indicate that SOM may be an important contributor to N fertility in managed blueberry systems, and that yield and fruit quality can be maintained across various N fertilizer rates, including at rates <50 kg⋅ha−1 N. However, the long-term impacts of reducing N application rates remain unclear, and future research should monitor long-term changes in plant health and soil fertility associated with reduced N applications across diverse soils and production systems.
期刊介绍:
HortScience publishes horticultural information of interest to a broad array of horticulturists. Its goals are to apprise horticultural scientists and others interested in horticulture of scientific and industry developments and of significant research, education, or extension findings or methods.