Exploring the Significance and Cutting-Edge Applications of Terpenes and Terpenoid-Derived Inorganic Nanoparticles

Terpenoids are a group of secondary metabolites derived from isoprene and are among the most diverse natural products responsible for crucial role in the metabolism of organisms. They are found in various forms, including terpene hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, ketones, esters, and glycosides. Terpenes have a broad range of medicinal properties and are used to prepare drugs such as artemisinin. Metallic nanoparticles that are formed by plants have garnered significant interest across various fields, including medicine, the environment, food processing, and agriculture. Using plant extracts to reduce metals is regarded as both eco-friendly and affordable and has recently gained popularity for synthesizing various classes of nanoparticles. In this study, we reviewed plant-derived terpenes (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, and meroterpenes), their applications in medicine, and for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This review is relevant to researchers interested in combating bacterial infections and cancers and in using terpenoids in the synthesis of nanoparticles.