跳跃间歇训练:增强有氧体操中无氧、有氧和跳跃性能的有效训练方法

Dong Ma, R. Silva, Qi Xu, Ke Wang, Zijian Zhao
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摘要

本研究旨在比较跳跃间歇训练(JIT)和跑步高强度间歇训练(HIIT)对青少年女子有氧体操运动员的有氧、无氧和跳跃表现的影响。这项随机对照研究为期 8 周,涉及 73 名青少年女子有氧体操运动员(16.2 ± 1.3 岁)。研究包括两个实验组(JIT 和 HIIT)和一个对照组。实验组的参与者在进行常规训练的同时,每周额外进行两次训练,而对照组则按照常规训练进行。在干预期前后,对体操运动员进行了反向移动跳跃测试(CMJ)、特定有氧体操无氧测试(SAGAT)和 20 米多阶段体能测试的成绩评估。在 SAGAT(p < 0.001; = 0.495)、CMJ(p < 0.001; = 0.338)和 20 米多段体能测试(p < 0.001; = 0.500)中发现了时间×组别的显著交互作用。干预后的时间×组别分析显示,对照组的 SAGAT 分数明显低于 JIT 组(p = 0.003)和 HIIT 组(p = 0.034)。此外,与 HIIT 组(p = 0.020)和对照组(p = 0.028)相比,JIT 组在干预后的 CMJ 测试中得分明显更高。最后,干预后的 20 米多级体能测试显示,对照组的得分明显低于 JIT 组(p < 0.001)和 HIIT 组(p < 0.001)。JIT和HIIT都是建议在有氧体操中采用的训练策略,可显著提高运动员的有氧和无氧表现。然而,JIT 在提高垂直跳跃成绩方面具有额外的优势,因此尤其值得使用。
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Jumping Interval Training: An Effective Training Method for Enhancing Anaerobic, Aerobic, and Jumping Performances in Aerobic Gymnastics
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of jumping interval training (JIT) and running high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the aerobic, anaerobic and jumping performances of youth female aerobic gymnasts. A randomized controlled study was conducted over an 8-week period, involving 73 youth female athletes (16.2 ± 1.3 years old) of aerobic gymnastics. The study comprised two experimental groups (JIT and HIIT) and a control group. Participants in the experimental groups engaged in two additional training sessions per week alongside their regular training regimen, while the control group followed their usual training routine. Before and after the intervention period, gymnasts were assessed for their performance in the countermovement jump test (CMJ), the specific aerobic gymnastics anaerobic test (SAGAT) and the 20-m multistage fitness test. Significant interactions time × group were found in SAGAT (p < 0.001; = 0.495), CMJ (p < 0.001; = 0.338) and 20-m multistage fitness test (p < 0.001; = 0.500). The time × group analysis post-intervention revealed significantly lower scores in SAGAT for the control group compared to the JIT (p = 0.003) and HIIT (p = 0.034). Additionally, significantly higher scores were observed for the JIT group in the CMJ test compared to the HIIT (p = 0.020) and control (p = 0.028) groups following the intervention. Finally, the 20 m multistage fitness test post-intervention revealed significantly lower scores for the control group compared to JIT (p < 0.001) and HIIT (p < 0.001). Both JIT and HIIT are recommended training strategies to adopt in aerobic gymnastics for significantly improving the aerobic and anaerobic performances of athletes. However, JIT may be particularly relevant to use as it offers additional benefits in improving vertical jumping performances.
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