Reporting Compliance and Factors Influencing Timeliness of Stroke-Related Trial Results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Since 2007, research groups are mandated by the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA) to report clinical trial findings to ClinicalTrials.gov within 12 months of trial completion. This observational study aims to analyze compliance data of stroke-related randomized controlled trials subject to these mandates. Using a previously published algorithm, we identified clinical trials likely to be required to adhere to FDAAA mandates (highly likely applicable clinical trials, or HLACTs) from January 2008 to February 2023. We assessed the proportion of studies that reported results within 12 months of trial completion, as well as those that reported at any point within 5 years. Additionally, we utilized Kaplan-Meier and regression analysis to explore factors associated with on-time reporting. Among 357 stroke-related HLACTs on ClinicalTrials.gov that were terminated or completed between January 1, 2008, and February 1, 2023, 59 (16.5%) reported results within 12 months, while 320 (89.6%) reported results within 5 years. Median reporting times for industry funded, other government or academic institution funded, and National Institute of Health (NIH) funded studies were 18.5 months, 22 months, and 22.5 months, respectively. Open-label studies were less likely to report results by 12 months compared to double-blinded studies (p = 0.002). Biological trials exhibited a lower probability of reporting within 5 years compared to device and/or drug trials (p = 0.007). Clinical trial registries and FDAAA mandates aim to promote accountability and transparency in health sciences research. However, regardless of their funding source, only a minority of stroke-related randomized controlled trials comply with FDAAA's 12-month result reporting mandate.