{"title":"秃鹫身上安装的 GPS 发射器的持续时间记录","authors":"Antoni Margalida","doi":"10.1002/fee.2773","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The bearded vulture (<i>Gypaetus barbatus</i>) is the most threatened vulture species in Europe. On 14 May 2009, during our long-term study on its conservation in the Pyrenees (Spain, France, Andorra) (<i>Ecol Monog</i> 2020; doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1414), we captured a four-year-old subadult male (<i>Adrian</i>) using a net remotely activated from a distance. He was tagged with a 70-g solar-powered (GPS/PTT) satellite transmitter (Microwave Telemetry Inc, Columbia, Maryland, US), attached using a Teflon backpack harness (see photograph). In May 2023, 14 years after his initial capture, <i>Adrian</i> was still alive at the age of 18 years and, more surprisingly, the transmitter still worked.</p><p>Long-term monitoring of <i>Adrian</i> provided >15,000 location records (see map: minimum convex polygon home range in yellow; 95% and 50% of the kernel density estimate [<i>K</i><sub>95</sub> and <i>K</i><sub>50</sub>] in orange and red, respectively) and showed how he first established a territory at eight years of age. <i>Adrian</i> bred successfully for the first time in 2013 (red large area) and reared two chicks between 2013 and 2016. In 2016, he abandoned the territory and remained at large until 2019, when he again took up a new territory 70 km away (red small area). He bred successfully on one occasion between 2020 and 2023. Although Egyptian vultures (<i>Neophron percnopterus</i>) can live for over 30 years (<i>Front Ecol Environ</i> 2021; doi.org/10.1002/fee.2328), <i>Adrian</i>'s lifetime reproductive success after 18 years has only been three fledglings.</p><p>Long-term movement research is fundamental to developing conservation and management plans for long-lived species. However, the operational lifetimes of GPS devices are limited, and most avian transmitters have an average working duration of 2–3 years (https://www.microwavetelemetry.com/faq). Unfortunately, <i>Adrian</i>'s transmitter is currently no longer functional. But thanks to its unusually long life, empirical data on the demographic parameters, spatial behavior, and breeding dispersal of this bearded vulture were accurately gathered over an extended period.</p><p><i>Imagery from Google Earth Pro (data: SIO, NOAA, US Navy, NGA, GEBCO; image: Landsat, Copernicus) obtained through Movebank.org</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2773","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Duration record for a GPS-transmitter fitted to a vulture\",\"authors\":\"Antoni Margalida\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/fee.2773\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>The bearded vulture (<i>Gypaetus barbatus</i>) is the most threatened vulture species in Europe. On 14 May 2009, during our long-term study on its conservation in the Pyrenees (Spain, France, Andorra) (<i>Ecol Monog</i> 2020; doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1414), we captured a four-year-old subadult male (<i>Adrian</i>) using a net remotely activated from a distance. He was tagged with a 70-g solar-powered (GPS/PTT) satellite transmitter (Microwave Telemetry Inc, Columbia, Maryland, US), attached using a Teflon backpack harness (see photograph). In May 2023, 14 years after his initial capture, <i>Adrian</i> was still alive at the age of 18 years and, more surprisingly, the transmitter still worked.</p><p>Long-term monitoring of <i>Adrian</i> provided >15,000 location records (see map: minimum convex polygon home range in yellow; 95% and 50% of the kernel density estimate [<i>K</i><sub>95</sub> and <i>K</i><sub>50</sub>] in orange and red, respectively) and showed how he first established a territory at eight years of age. <i>Adrian</i> bred successfully for the first time in 2013 (red large area) and reared two chicks between 2013 and 2016. In 2016, he abandoned the territory and remained at large until 2019, when he again took up a new territory 70 km away (red small area). He bred successfully on one occasion between 2020 and 2023. Although Egyptian vultures (<i>Neophron percnopterus</i>) can live for over 30 years (<i>Front Ecol Environ</i> 2021; doi.org/10.1002/fee.2328), <i>Adrian</i>'s lifetime reproductive success after 18 years has only been three fledglings.</p><p>Long-term movement research is fundamental to developing conservation and management plans for long-lived species. However, the operational lifetimes of GPS devices are limited, and most avian transmitters have an average working duration of 2–3 years (https://www.microwavetelemetry.com/faq). Unfortunately, <i>Adrian</i>'s transmitter is currently no longer functional. But thanks to its unusually long life, empirical data on the demographic parameters, spatial behavior, and breeding dispersal of this bearded vulture were accurately gathered over an extended period.</p><p><i>Imagery from Google Earth Pro (data: SIO, NOAA, US Navy, NGA, GEBCO; image: Landsat, Copernicus) obtained through Movebank.org</i>.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":171,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment\",\"volume\":\"22 5\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":10.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2773\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fee.2773\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fee.2773","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Duration record for a GPS-transmitter fitted to a vulture
The bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) is the most threatened vulture species in Europe. On 14 May 2009, during our long-term study on its conservation in the Pyrenees (Spain, France, Andorra) (Ecol Monog 2020; doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1414), we captured a four-year-old subadult male (Adrian) using a net remotely activated from a distance. He was tagged with a 70-g solar-powered (GPS/PTT) satellite transmitter (Microwave Telemetry Inc, Columbia, Maryland, US), attached using a Teflon backpack harness (see photograph). In May 2023, 14 years after his initial capture, Adrian was still alive at the age of 18 years and, more surprisingly, the transmitter still worked.
Long-term monitoring of Adrian provided >15,000 location records (see map: minimum convex polygon home range in yellow; 95% and 50% of the kernel density estimate [K95 and K50] in orange and red, respectively) and showed how he first established a territory at eight years of age. Adrian bred successfully for the first time in 2013 (red large area) and reared two chicks between 2013 and 2016. In 2016, he abandoned the territory and remained at large until 2019, when he again took up a new territory 70 km away (red small area). He bred successfully on one occasion between 2020 and 2023. Although Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) can live for over 30 years (Front Ecol Environ 2021; doi.org/10.1002/fee.2328), Adrian's lifetime reproductive success after 18 years has only been three fledglings.
Long-term movement research is fundamental to developing conservation and management plans for long-lived species. However, the operational lifetimes of GPS devices are limited, and most avian transmitters have an average working duration of 2–3 years (https://www.microwavetelemetry.com/faq). Unfortunately, Adrian's transmitter is currently no longer functional. But thanks to its unusually long life, empirical data on the demographic parameters, spatial behavior, and breeding dispersal of this bearded vulture were accurately gathered over an extended period.
Imagery from Google Earth Pro (data: SIO, NOAA, US Navy, NGA, GEBCO; image: Landsat, Copernicus) obtained through Movebank.org.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment is a publication by the Ecological Society of America that focuses on the significance of ecology and environmental science in various aspects of research and problem-solving. The journal covers topics such as biodiversity conservation, ecosystem preservation, natural resource management, public policy, and other related areas.
The publication features a range of content, including peer-reviewed articles, editorials, commentaries, letters, and occasional special issues and topical series. It releases ten issues per year, excluding January and July. ESA members receive both print and electronic copies of the journal, while institutional subscriptions are also available.
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment is highly regarded in the field, as indicated by its ranking in the 2021 Journal Citation Reports by Clarivate Analytics. The journal is ranked 4th out of 174 in ecology journals and 11th out of 279 in environmental sciences journals. Its impact factor for 2021 is reported as 13.789, which further demonstrates its influence and importance in the scientific community.
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