Perforation of the Heart During Elective Removal of an Inferior Vena Cava Filter.

Abstract: A common treatment for venous thromboembolic disease in patients with contraindications to anticoagulation includes placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. Temporary filters are available to avoid the risk of long-term permanent placement. A woman in her 60s with a history of uterine serous carcinoma presented to the emergency department with cardiac arrest following elective attempted IVC filter removal. Three months prior, a temporary filter was placed because anticoagulation medication was stopped in preparation for a hysterectomy. During the IVC retrieval procedure, which was performed using an intravascular approach from the right jugular vein, the filter was tilted, requiring the use of a different retrieval sheath. During catheter reentry, the patient complained of discomfort in the chest and neck, after which she became hypotensive, lost consciousness, and died. Autopsy revealed 2 cardiac perforations, one in each ventricle. Approximately 600 mL of liquid and clotted blood was within the tense pericardial sac. An IVC filter was found in place, with no adjacent hemorrhage.To our knowledge, this is the first reported fatality due to cardiac perforation by an access sheath during intravascular removal of an IVC filter. This instance also documents the time course of the cardiac perforations to the resultant loss of consciousness.