Characterization of lead dioxide composite electrode and its electrochemical properties

TiO₂ nanoparticles, as a typical inert metal oxide, were added into ${\text{Pb}}^{2+}$ plating solutions to prepare Ti/PbO₂+nano-TiO₂ composite coatings. The effect of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the electrodeposition process of PbO₂ was investigated by voltammetric studies. The composition, structure and morphology of the obtained composite coatings were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to study the effect of nano-TiO₂ particles on the PbO₂ electrodeposition process. It is found that high doping (2–8 g/L) of TiO₂ nanoparticles significantly decreased the crystallite size which can be attributed to a crystallite-refining effect of nano-TiO₂ during the electrodeposition of PbO₂.