Sajjad Ali , Meijun Li , Jian Fu , Asghar A.A.D. Hakro , Hong Xiao , Xiaolin Lu , Rizwan Sarwar Awan , Dongyong Wang
{"title":"分子有机地球化学与巴基斯坦 Potwar 盆地的石油起源","authors":"Sajjad Ali , Meijun Li , Jian Fu , Asghar A.A.D. Hakro , Hong Xiao , Xiaolin Lu , Rizwan Sarwar Awan , Dongyong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2024.106215","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Potwar Basin (PTB) is a prominent geological feature located in northern part of Pakistan, and is considered as one of the active and productive regions for petroleum and gas exploration in Pakistan. In this study, eight crude oil specimens originating from three distinct fields within the PTB were comprehensively examined to decipher the environmental conditions, source of organic matter (OM) and oil-oil correlations using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The molecular marker and hierarchical cluster analysis of PTB oils reveal two different crude oil families. Family-I showed relatively low values of Pr/Ph, C<sub>19</sub>TT/C<sub>23</sub>TT and C<sub>25</sub>TT/C<sub>24</sub>TeT, C<sub>27</sub>-C<sub>29</sub> regular steranes, dibenzothiophene (DBT), fluorene (FL) and dibenzofuran (DBF), as well as C<sub>26</sub>/C<sub>28</sub> TAS (20S) and C<sub>27</sub>/C<sub>28</sub> TAS (20R). These results suggest that Family-I crude oils derived from marine environment of suboxic water bodies with higher contribution from green algae or planktonic microbes. However, Family II contains comparatively high values of the aforementioned molecular parameters, indicating that crude oils mainly originated from a lacustrine environment with a higher contribution of plant organisms under oxidizing conditions. Saturated hydrocarbon maturity parameters such as CPI and OEP, and C<sub>31</sub>22S/(C<sub>31</sub>22S + C<sub>31</sub>22R) and C<sub>32</sub>22S/(C<sub>32</sub>22S + C<sub>32</sub>22R) indicate PTB crude oils are thermally mature, while aromatic indices reveal that Family-II crude oils are high mature. The present research defines that PTB crude oils contributed from mixed organic matter sources of marine and lacustrine majorly from marine sedimentary environment with the bloom of algae and/or higher plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Molecular organic geochemistry and origin of oil in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan\",\"authors\":\"Sajjad Ali , Meijun Li , Jian Fu , Asghar A.A.D. Hakro , Hong Xiao , Xiaolin Lu , Rizwan Sarwar Awan , Dongyong Wang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jseaes.2024.106215\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The Potwar Basin (PTB) is a prominent geological feature located in northern part of Pakistan, and is considered as one of the active and productive regions for petroleum and gas exploration in Pakistan. In this study, eight crude oil specimens originating from three distinct fields within the PTB were comprehensively examined to decipher the environmental conditions, source of organic matter (OM) and oil-oil correlations using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The molecular marker and hierarchical cluster analysis of PTB oils reveal two different crude oil families. Family-I showed relatively low values of Pr/Ph, C<sub>19</sub>TT/C<sub>23</sub>TT and C<sub>25</sub>TT/C<sub>24</sub>TeT, C<sub>27</sub>-C<sub>29</sub> regular steranes, dibenzothiophene (DBT), fluorene (FL) and dibenzofuran (DBF), as well as C<sub>26</sub>/C<sub>28</sub> TAS (20S) and C<sub>27</sub>/C<sub>28</sub> TAS (20R). These results suggest that Family-I crude oils derived from marine environment of suboxic water bodies with higher contribution from green algae or planktonic microbes. However, Family II contains comparatively high values of the aforementioned molecular parameters, indicating that crude oils mainly originated from a lacustrine environment with a higher contribution of plant organisms under oxidizing conditions. Saturated hydrocarbon maturity parameters such as CPI and OEP, and C<sub>31</sub>22S/(C<sub>31</sub>22S + C<sub>31</sub>22R) and C<sub>32</sub>22S/(C<sub>32</sub>22S + C<sub>32</sub>22R) indicate PTB crude oils are thermally mature, while aromatic indices reveal that Family-II crude oils are high mature. The present research defines that PTB crude oils contributed from mixed organic matter sources of marine and lacustrine majorly from marine sedimentary environment with the bloom of algae and/or higher plants.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50253,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912024002104\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912024002104","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular organic geochemistry and origin of oil in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan
The Potwar Basin (PTB) is a prominent geological feature located in northern part of Pakistan, and is considered as one of the active and productive regions for petroleum and gas exploration in Pakistan. In this study, eight crude oil specimens originating from three distinct fields within the PTB were comprehensively examined to decipher the environmental conditions, source of organic matter (OM) and oil-oil correlations using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The molecular marker and hierarchical cluster analysis of PTB oils reveal two different crude oil families. Family-I showed relatively low values of Pr/Ph, C19TT/C23TT and C25TT/C24TeT, C27-C29 regular steranes, dibenzothiophene (DBT), fluorene (FL) and dibenzofuran (DBF), as well as C26/C28 TAS (20S) and C27/C28 TAS (20R). These results suggest that Family-I crude oils derived from marine environment of suboxic water bodies with higher contribution from green algae or planktonic microbes. However, Family II contains comparatively high values of the aforementioned molecular parameters, indicating that crude oils mainly originated from a lacustrine environment with a higher contribution of plant organisms under oxidizing conditions. Saturated hydrocarbon maturity parameters such as CPI and OEP, and C3122S/(C3122S + C3122R) and C3222S/(C3222S + C3222R) indicate PTB crude oils are thermally mature, while aromatic indices reveal that Family-II crude oils are high mature. The present research defines that PTB crude oils contributed from mixed organic matter sources of marine and lacustrine majorly from marine sedimentary environment with the bloom of algae and/or higher plants.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences has an open access mirror journal Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review.
The Journal of Asian Earth Sciences is an international interdisciplinary journal devoted to all aspects of research related to the solid Earth Sciences of Asia. The Journal publishes high quality, peer-reviewed scientific papers on the regional geology, tectonics, geochemistry and geophysics of Asia. It will be devoted primarily to research papers but short communications relating to new developments of broad interest, reviews and book reviews will also be included. Papers must have international appeal and should present work of more than local significance.
The scope includes deep processes of the Asian continent and its adjacent oceans; seismology and earthquakes; orogeny, magmatism, metamorphism and volcanism; growth, deformation and destruction of the Asian crust; crust-mantle interaction; evolution of life (early life, biostratigraphy, biogeography and mass-extinction); fluids, fluxes and reservoirs of mineral and energy resources; surface processes (weathering, erosion, transport and deposition of sediments) and resulting geomorphology; and the response of the Earth to global climate change as viewed within the Asian continent and surrounding oceans.