Restoring Brain Pathways Involved in Diabetes-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: The Potential of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Strategy.

Diabetes, a widespread chronic metabolic disease, is projected to affect 783 million people globally by 2045. Recent studies emphasize the neuroprotective potential of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4i) inhibitors, pointing toward a promising avenue for intervention in addressing cognitive challenges associated with diabetes. Due to limited data on the effect of DPP4i on brain pathways involved in diabetes-related neurocognitive disorders, the decision was made to conduct this study to fill existing knowledge gaps on this topic. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in preventing cognitive decline in mice with type 2 diabetes (T2D), placing special emphasis on gaining insight into the complex molecular mechanisms underlying this action. We examined drug efficacy in modulating neurotrophic factors, calcium levels, and the expression of key genes (HIF1α, APP, Arc) crucial for neural plasticity. Conducting cognitive assessments with the hole board and passive avoidance tests, we discerned a remarkable influence of short-term gliptin usage on the limiting progress of cognitive dysfunction in diabetic mice. The administration of DPP4 inhibitors led to heightened neurotrophin levels, increased HIF1α in the prefrontal cortex, and a significant elevation in Arc mRNA levels. Our findings reveal that DPP4 inhibitors effectively limit the progression of diabetes-related cognitive disorders. This breakthrough discovery not only opens new research avenues but also constitutes a potential starting point for creating innovative strategies for the treatment of central nervous system disorders focused on improving cognitive abilities.