肛门鳞状细胞癌的免疫检查点阻断疗法:频繁的抗药性抑制了剧烈的反应

IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Current Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-11 DOI:10.1007/s11912-024-01564-z
Thejus Jayakrishnan, Devvrat Yadav, Brandon M Huffman, James M Cleary
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引用次数: 0

摘要

综述目的:肛门鳞状细胞癌(SCCA)是一种与 HPV 相关的恶性肿瘤,其治疗方案有限。免疫疗法扩大了这些选择的范围,在此我们回顾了当前和新兴的免疫治疗方法:单药抗PD1/PD-L1免疫疗法的多项研究显示,反应率不高,约为10%至15%。虽然少数 SCCA 患者(约 5%)获得了持久的完全应答,但大多数晚期 SCCA 患者对抗 PD1/PD-L1 单药治疗产生了耐药性。鉴于需要更广泛有效的免疫疗法,目前正在探索适应性细胞疗法和治疗性疫苗接种等新策略。为了降低局部高危SCCA的复发风险,免疫疗法与化疗放疗相结合的策略也在研究之中。虽然一小部分 SCCA 患者对 PD1 引导的免疫疗法有长期反应,但大多数患者并没有获得临床获益,因此需要新的免疫治疗策略。更好地了解免疫微环境和预测性生物标志物可加快治疗进展。
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Immunological Checkpoint Blockade in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Dramatic Responses Tempered By Frequent Resistance.

Purpose of review: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is an HPV-associated malignancy that has limited treatment options. Immunotherapy has expanded these options and here we review current and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches.

Recent findings: Multiple studies of single-agent anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapy have demonstrated a modest response rate of approximately 10% to 15%. While a minority of patients (~5%) with SCCA experience durable complete responses, most advanced SCCAs are resistant to anti-PD1/PD-L1 monotherapy. Given the need for more broadly effective immunotherapies, novel strategies, such as adaptive cell therapies and therapeutic vaccination, are being explored. To reduce the recurrence risk of localized high-risk SCCA, strategies combining immunotherapy with chemoradiation are also being investigated. While a small subset of patients with SCCA have prolonged responses to PD1-directed immunotherapy, the majority do not derive clinical benefit, and new immunotherapeutic strategies are needed. Better understanding of the immune microenvironment and predictive biomarkers could accelerate therapeutic advances.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
187
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: This journal aims to review the most important, recently published clinical findings in the field of oncology. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to serve all those involved in the care of those affected by cancer. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as cancer prevention, leukemia, melanoma, neuro-oncology, and palliative medicine. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.
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