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引用次数: 0
摘要
人类感染 SARS-CoV-2 已造成前所未有的大流行。SARS-CoV-2 主要通过呼吸道飞沫传播,并利用细胞受体血管紧张素转换酶 2(ACE2)作用于鼻腔、气管和肺部的纤毛上皮细胞。先天性免疫反应,包括 I 型和 III 型干扰素、炎症细胞因子(IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β)、先天性免疫细胞(单核细胞、DC、中性粒细胞、自然杀伤细胞)、抗体(IgG、sIgA、中和抗体)和适应性免疫细胞(B 细胞、CD8+ 和 CD4+ T 细胞)在减轻 COVID-19 疾病中发挥着关键作用。通过感染和接种疫苗产生的广泛而持久的 B 细胞和 T 细胞免疫对于防止严重疾病、住院和死亡至关重要。然而,逃避中和抗体的 SARS-CoV-2 变体的出现继续危及疫苗的效力。在这篇综述中,我们将重点介绍我们对感染和疫苗介导的体液、B 细胞和 T 细胞反应、免疫反应的持久性以及变种如何继续威胁 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的有效性的理解。
Durability of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in humans has caused a pandemic of unprecedented dimensions. SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and targets ciliated epithelial cells in the nasal cavity, trachea, and lungs by utilizing the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The innate immune response, including type I and III interferons, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β), innate immune cells (monocytes, DCs, neutrophils, natural killer cells), antibodies (IgG, sIgA, neutralizing antibodies), and adaptive immune cells (B cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells) play pivotal roles in mitigating COVID-19 disease. Broad and durable B-cell– and T-cell immunity elicited by infection and vaccination is essential for protection against severe disease, hospitalization and death. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade neutralizing antibodies continue to jeopardize vaccine efficacy. In this review, we highlight our understanding the infection- and vaccine-mediated humoral, B and T cell responses, the durability of the immune responses, and how variants continue to threaten the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
期刊介绍:
Seminars in Immunology is a specialized review journal that serves as a valuable resource for scientists in the field of immunology. The journal's approach is thematic, with each issue dedicated to a specific topic of significant interest to immunologists. It covers a wide range of research areas, from the molecular and cellular foundations of the immune response to the potential for its manipulation, highlighting recent advancements in these areas.
Each thematic issue is curated by a guest editor, who is recognized as an expert in the field internationally. The content of each issue typically includes six to eight authoritative invited reviews, which delve into various aspects of the chosen topic. The goal of these reviews is to provide a comprehensive, coherent, and engaging overview of the subject matter, ensuring that the information is presented in a timely manner to maintain its relevance.
The journal's commitment to quality and timeliness is further supported by its inclusion in the Scopus database, which is a leading abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Being indexed in Scopus helps to ensure that the journal's content is accessible to a broad audience of researchers and professionals in immunology and related fields.