Kazandra M Rodriguez, Jungsun Moon, Chandramouli Krishnan, Riann M Palmieri-Smith
{"title":"前十字韧带重建后运动诱发反应的条件反射：刺激强度的影响","authors":"Kazandra M Rodriguez, Jungsun Moon, Chandramouli Krishnan, Riann M Palmieri-Smith","doi":"10.1177/19417381241257258","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Operant conditioning of motor evoked torque (MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub>) can directly target the corticospinal pathway in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, it remains unclear whether operant conditioning can elicit short-term improvements in corticospinal excitability and whether these improvements are influenced by stimulus intensity.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Quadriceps MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub> responses can be upconditioned in a single session and will elicit short-term adaptations in corticospinal excitability, with higher stimulus intensities eliciting greater effects.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized controlled laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six participants were assessed during a single session of an operant conditioning protocol. Participants were randomized into 1 of 3 groups for stimulus intensity used during operant conditioning based on the participant's active motor threshold (AMT: 100%, 120%, and 140%). Quadriceps MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub> amplitude was evaluated during a block of control transcranial magnetic stimulation trials (CTRL) to establish baseline corticospinal excitability, and 3 blocks of conditioning trials (COND) during which participants trained to upcondition their MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub>. MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub> recruitment curves were collected to evaluate the effect of operant conditioning on acute corticospinal adaptations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with ACL reconstruction could upcondition their MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub> in a single session (<i>P</i> < 0.01; CTRL, 17.27 ± 1.28; COND, 21.35 ± 1.28 [mean ± standard error [SE] in N·m]), but this ability was not influenced by the stimulus intensity used during training (<i>P</i> = 0.84). Furthermore, significant improvements in corticospinal excitability were observed (<i>P</i> = 0.05; PRE, 687.91 ± 50.15; POST, 761.08 ± 50.15 [mean ± SE in N·m %AMT]), but stimulus intensity did not influence corticospinal adaptations (<i>P</i> = 0.67).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Operant conditioning can elicit short-term neural adaptations in ACL-reconstructed patients. Future operant conditioning paradigms may effectively use any of the 3 stimulus intensities studied herein.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Operant conditioning may be a feasible approach to improve corticospinal excitability after ACL reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"281-290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569524/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Conditioning of Motor Evoked Responses After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Effects of Stimulus Intensity.\",\"authors\":\"Kazandra M Rodriguez, Jungsun Moon, Chandramouli Krishnan, Riann M Palmieri-Smith\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/19417381241257258\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Operant conditioning of motor evoked torque (MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub>) can directly target the corticospinal pathway in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, it remains unclear whether operant conditioning can elicit short-term improvements in corticospinal excitability and whether these improvements are influenced by stimulus intensity.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Quadriceps MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub> responses can be upconditioned in a single session and will elicit short-term adaptations in corticospinal excitability, with higher stimulus intensities eliciting greater effects.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized controlled laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six participants were assessed during a single session of an operant conditioning protocol. Participants were randomized into 1 of 3 groups for stimulus intensity used during operant conditioning based on the participant's active motor threshold (AMT: 100%, 120%, and 140%). Quadriceps MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub> amplitude was evaluated during a block of control transcranial magnetic stimulation trials (CTRL) to establish baseline corticospinal excitability, and 3 blocks of conditioning trials (COND) during which participants trained to upcondition their MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub>. MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub> recruitment curves were collected to evaluate the effect of operant conditioning on acute corticospinal adaptations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with ACL reconstruction could upcondition their MEP<sub>TORQUE</sub> in a single session (<i>P</i> < 0.01; CTRL, 17.27 ± 1.28; COND, 21.35 ± 1.28 [mean ± standard error [SE] in N·m]), but this ability was not influenced by the stimulus intensity used during training (<i>P</i> = 0.84). Furthermore, significant improvements in corticospinal excitability were observed (<i>P</i> = 0.05; PRE, 687.91 ± 50.15; POST, 761.08 ± 50.15 [mean ± SE in N·m %AMT]), but stimulus intensity did not influence corticospinal adaptations (<i>P</i> = 0.67).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Operant conditioning can elicit short-term neural adaptations in ACL-reconstructed patients. 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Conditioning of Motor Evoked Responses After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Effects of Stimulus Intensity.
Background: Operant conditioning of motor evoked torque (MEPTORQUE) can directly target the corticospinal pathway in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, it remains unclear whether operant conditioning can elicit short-term improvements in corticospinal excitability and whether these improvements are influenced by stimulus intensity.
Hypothesis: Quadriceps MEPTORQUE responses can be upconditioned in a single session and will elicit short-term adaptations in corticospinal excitability, with higher stimulus intensities eliciting greater effects.
Study design: Randomized controlled laboratory study.
Level of evidence: Level 2.
Methods: Thirty-six participants were assessed during a single session of an operant conditioning protocol. Participants were randomized into 1 of 3 groups for stimulus intensity used during operant conditioning based on the participant's active motor threshold (AMT: 100%, 120%, and 140%). Quadriceps MEPTORQUE amplitude was evaluated during a block of control transcranial magnetic stimulation trials (CTRL) to establish baseline corticospinal excitability, and 3 blocks of conditioning trials (COND) during which participants trained to upcondition their MEPTORQUE. MEPTORQUE recruitment curves were collected to evaluate the effect of operant conditioning on acute corticospinal adaptations.
Results: Participants with ACL reconstruction could upcondition their MEPTORQUE in a single session (P < 0.01; CTRL, 17.27 ± 1.28; COND, 21.35 ± 1.28 [mean ± standard error [SE] in N·m]), but this ability was not influenced by the stimulus intensity used during training (P = 0.84). Furthermore, significant improvements in corticospinal excitability were observed (P = 0.05; PRE, 687.91 ± 50.15; POST, 761.08 ± 50.15 [mean ± SE in N·m %AMT]), but stimulus intensity did not influence corticospinal adaptations (P = 0.67).
Conclusion: Operant conditioning can elicit short-term neural adaptations in ACL-reconstructed patients. Future operant conditioning paradigms may effectively use any of the 3 stimulus intensities studied herein.
Clinical relevance: Operant conditioning may be a feasible approach to improve corticospinal excitability after ACL reconstruction.
期刊介绍：
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach is an indispensable resource for all medical professionals involved in the training and care of the competitive or recreational athlete, including primary care physicians, orthopaedic surgeons, physical therapists, athletic trainers and other medical and health care professionals.
Published bimonthly, Sports Health is a collaborative publication from the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM), the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA), and the Sports Physical Therapy Section (SPTS).
The journal publishes review articles, original research articles, case studies, images, short updates, legal briefs, editorials, and letters to the editor.
Topics include:
-Sports Injury and Treatment
-Care of the Athlete
-Athlete Rehabilitation
-Medical Issues in the Athlete
-Surgical Techniques in Sports Medicine
-Case Studies in Sports Medicine
-Images in Sports Medicine
-Legal Issues
-Pediatric Athletes
-General Sports Trauma
-Sports Psychology
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