细胞机制中调控 RNA 的分子见解。

IF 9.5 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Experimental and Molecular Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI:10.1038/s12276-024-01239-6
Sumin Yang, Sung-Hyun Kim, Eunjeong Yang, Mingon Kang, Jae-Yeol Joo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

显然,细胞机制中的各种功能单元都来自 RNA。随着测序技术的发展,人们对转录组研究方法有了更深入的了解。生物体利用 RNA 管理细胞系统,有一类不同的 RNA 参与调控功能。特别是,人们越来越认识到,调控 RNA 参与了生物系统几乎所有层面的复杂功能机制。这些系统包括介导染色质排列、转录、亚细胞器稳定和转录后修饰的系统。任何一类具有调控活性的 RNA 都可称为一类调控 RNA,其典型代表是占基因组很大一部分的非编码 RNA。这些 RNA 的功能原理是通过顺式和/或反式调节改变结构,从而促进 RNA-RNA、RNA-DNA 和 RNA 蛋白之间的相互作用。通过深度测序发现的调控 RNA 是否真正按照预期的机制发挥作用,目前还没有明确的定论。本综述探讨了细胞机制各层中调控 RNA 的主要特性,涵盖了调控活动、结构动态、修饰、相关分子以及与治疗和深度学习相关的进一步挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Molecular insights into regulatory RNAs in the cellular machinery
It is apparent that various functional units within the cellular machinery are derived from RNAs. The evolution of sequencing techniques has resulted in significant insights into approaches for transcriptome studies. Organisms utilize RNA to govern cellular systems, and a heterogeneous class of RNAs is involved in regulatory functions. In particular, regulatory RNAs are increasingly recognized to participate in intricately functioning machinery across almost all levels of biological systems. These systems include those mediating chromatin arrangement, transcription, suborganelle stabilization, and posttranscriptional modifications. Any class of RNA exhibiting regulatory activity can be termed a class of regulatory RNA and is typically represented by noncoding RNAs, which constitute a substantial portion of the genome. These RNAs function based on the principle of structural changes through cis and/or trans regulation to facilitate mutual RNA‒RNA, RNA‒DNA, and RNA‒protein interactions. It has not been clearly elucidated whether regulatory RNAs identified through deep sequencing actually function in the anticipated mechanisms. This review addresses the dominant properties of regulatory RNAs at various layers of the cellular machinery and covers regulatory activities, structural dynamics, modifications, associated molecules, and further challenges related to therapeutics and deep learning. Regulatory RNAs, such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs, RNAs that do not code for proteins), microRNAs (miRNAs, small RNAs that regulate gene expression), and circular RNAs (circRNAs, RNAs that form a covalently closed continuous loop), are important in controlling gene expression. The exact ways and roles of these RNAs are not completely known. This study by Joo et al. reviews current knowledge on regulatory RNAs, focusing on their structure and function in cell parts. The authors talk about the different methods used to study these RNAs, including RNA-Chromatin, RNA-Protein, and RNA structure sequencing. They also emphasize the role of RNA modifications in controlling gene expression and the potential of deep learning (a type of machine learning) in predicting RNA functions. The study concludes that understanding regulatory RNAs better could lead to new treatment strategies for various diseases. This summary was initially drafted using artificial intelligence, then revised and fact-checked by the author.
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来源期刊
Experimental and Molecular Medicine
Experimental and Molecular Medicine 医学-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
19.50
自引率
0.80%
发文量
166
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Experimental & Molecular Medicine (EMM) stands as Korea's pioneering biochemistry journal, established in 1964 and rejuvenated in 1996 as an Open Access, fully peer-reviewed international journal. Dedicated to advancing translational research and showcasing recent breakthroughs in the biomedical realm, EMM invites submissions encompassing genetic, molecular, and cellular studies of human physiology and diseases. Emphasizing the correlation between experimental and translational research and enhanced clinical benefits, the journal actively encourages contributions employing specific molecular tools. Welcoming studies that bridge basic discoveries with clinical relevance, alongside articles demonstrating clear in vivo significance and novelty, Experimental & Molecular Medicine proudly serves as an open-access, online-only repository of cutting-edge medical research.
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