Toward comprehensive Chiroptera modeling: A parametric multiagent model for bat behavior

Chiroptera behavior is complex and often unseen as bats are nocturnal, small, and elusive animals. Chiroptology has led to significant insights into the behavior and environmental interactions of bats. Biology, ecology, and even digital media often benefit from mathematical models of animals including humans. However, the history of Chiroptera modeling is often limited to specific behaviors, species, or biological functions and relies heavily on classical modeling methodologies that may not fully represent individuals or colonies well. This work proposes a continuous, parametric, multiagent, Chiroptera behavior model that captures the latest research in echolocation, hunting, and energetics of bats. This includes echolocation-based perception (or lack thereof), hunting patterns, roosting behavior, and energy consumption rates. We proposed the integration of these mathematical models in a framework that affords the individual simulation of bats within large-scale colonies. Practitioners can adjust the model to account for different perceptual affordances or patterns among species of bats, or even individuals (such as sickness or injury). We show that our model closely matches results from the literature, affords an animated graphical simulation, and has utility in simulation-based studies.