Thermal Stratification in Solar Water Storage Tanks through Inlet Port Diffuser Optimization during Charge and Discharge Processes

The enhancement of thermal stratification in solar storage tanks is a crucial aspect of advancing solar energy technology. This study presents an experimental investigation conducted on a vertical cylindrical hot solar water storage tank operating in a dynamic mode, involving simultaneous charging and discharging. The experiment aims to assess the impact of varying inlet water flow rates (4, 6, 8, 10 L/min) on thermal stratification within the tank and explores strategies to mitigate heat losses to the environment and minimize mixing effects caused by the inlet fluid flow. The experimental setup incorporates insulation and an inlet port diffuser section to optimize the distribution of inlet water during the charging and discharging states. The results reveal that the utilization of an inlet port diffuser significantly improves thermal stratification by reducing heat losses and minimizing mixing effects, as evidenced by improved Richardson numbers. Additionally, this study contributes to the development of a compact solar domestic hot water (SDHW) solution.