A Hybrid Anti-Collision Protocol Based on Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Readers

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology plays a crucial role in various Internet of Things (IoT) applications, necessitating the integration of RFID systems into dense networks. However, the presence of numerous readers leads to collisions, degrading communication between readers and tags and compromising system performance. To tackle this challenge, researchers have proposed Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocols employing different channel access methods. In this paper, we present a novel solution, the Distributed Time Slot Anti-Collision protocol (DTS-AC), which employs a new TDMA notification system to address Reader-to-Reader Interference (RRI), while incorporating FDMA-based frequency resource management to resolve Reader-to-Tag Interference (RTI) collision issues. Simulation results demonstrate that DTS-AC significantly improves performance in dense RFID networks by enhancing read rates, with scalability benefits based on the number of readers, channels, and Time Slots (TSs). Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of DTS-AC facilitates efficient deployment in RFID networks, emphasizing considerations of time delay and data sensitivity.