Emerging sustainable techniques in metal cutting to reduce the application of metalworking fluids: A review

For the past century, conventional cutting fluids (CCFs) have been used extensively to machine various engineering materials. CCFs are also known as metalworking fluids (MWFs). These MWFs are considered the perfect environment for the growth of various micro-organisms. For sustainable manufacturing, it is important to adopt strategies that can reduce, replace, or remove the MWFs from the machining domain. This paper discusses the emerging sustainable techniques which are being successfully employed in the machining domain to reduce the application of MWFs. Most of these strategies have the potential to greatly improve machining tribology when implemented in production processes like turning, milling, and drilling.