不同低聚糖在草莓和黄瓜生长过程中诱导协调并促进根系生长和叶片衰老

Yanan Xu, Yan Han, Wei Han, Yigang Yang, Makoto Saito, Guohua Lv, Jiqing Song, W. Bai
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摘要

低聚糖作为一种广泛的多糖类,具有广泛的抗菌谱,作为植物生长促进剂可促进植物生长发育。为了研究不同寡糖对草莓和黄瓜叶绿素含量、叶片荧光、根系活性和形态、叶绿体超微结构的动态变化以及产量和产量成分的调控作用,我们进行了为期两年(2021-2022 年)的典型温室试验。实验植株在开花前用自来水(CK)、壳聚糖寡糖(CSOS)和混合寡糖(MixOS)叶面喷施 5 次。常规管理(CM)作为常规对照。本研究结果表明,施用 MixOS 对草莓和黄瓜的叶片衰老延迟、根系发达和果实产量提高具有最大的调节作用。与 CSOS、CM 和 CK 处理相比,外源 MixOS 使 SPAD 值、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)显著增加,分别增加了 1.94-28.96%、5.41-33.89% 和 9.93-62.07%。在 MixOS 处理中,可以清晰地观察到叶绿体中稳定有序的葡萄体结构和随机分布的淀粉粒,而非光化学淬灭(NPQ)则相应地降低了 19.04-45.92%。同时,暴露于 MixOS 处理中的草莓和黄瓜的根系活性和根系表面形态指标(即根长、表面积、平均直径和体积)均有显著提高,总产量均提高了 12.40-25.57%。这些结果表明,混合寡糖主要促进根和芽的协调生长,从而提高草莓和黄瓜的产量。
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Different Oligosaccharides Induce Coordination and Promotion of Root Growth and Leaf Senescence during Strawberry and Cucumber Growth
Oligosaccharides, as a wide type of polysaccharide, have a broad antimicrobial spectrum and promote development as plant growth stimulants. To investigate the regulation effects of different oligosaccharides on the dynamic changes of chlorophyll content, leaf fluorescence, root activity and morphology, and chloroplast ultrastructure, as well as the yields and yield components of strawberry and cucumber, typical greenhouse experiments were conducted over two years (2021–2022). The experimental plants were foliar sprayed with tap water (CK), chitosan oligosaccharide (CSOS), and mixed oligosaccharides (MixOS) five times before flowering. The conventional management (CM) was conducted as a conventional control. The findings of the present study suggest that the application of MixOS has the greatest regulation effects on delayed leaf senescence, well-developed roots, and higher fruit productions of strawberry and cucumber. Exogenous MixOS resulted in significant increases in SPAD values, maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and photochemical quenching coefficiency (qP); they were increased by 1.94–28.96%, 5.41–33.89%, and 9.93–62.07%, compared to the CSOS, CM, and CK treatments, respectively. The orderly and steady structure of thylakoids in the chloroplast, and the randomly distributed starch grains, could be clearly observed in the MixOS treatment, while the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was correspondingly reduced by 19.04–45.92%. Meanwhile, the remarkable promotion of root activity and root surface morphology indicators (i.e., root length, surface area, average diameter, and volume) could be observed when exposed to the MixOS treatments, and the total yields of strawberry and cucumber were all increased by 12.40–25.57%. These findings suggest that the mixed oligosaccharides mainly promote the coordinated growth of root and shoot, which leads to the improved yields of strawberry and cucumber.
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