无花果树中土壤施用氮的去向

Gustavo Brunetto, P. B. Sete, Paulo Marcio Norberto, Paola Daiane Welter, Ingrid Thábata Silva Viana, Marco Paulo Andrade
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摘要

在果园中施用氮肥的时间可决定无花果树器官对氮(N)的吸收、分布和积累量。本研究旨在评估无花果树在不同时间施用的氮在土壤中的去向。实验在 2009-2010 年作物季节进行。种植的无花果树属于 Roxo de Valinhos 栽培品种,位于巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州(MG)的圣若昂德尔雷市。处理方法是在 9 月 30 日(T1)或 10 月 30 日(T2)施用每公顷 20 千克氮的尿素,并添加 2% 的过量 15N 原子。2010 年 1 月,无花果树被砍伐,并分成果实、叶子、新芽、前几年的新芽和茎干。收获的部分经过干燥、称重和研磨。从 0.00-0.10 米层和 0.10-0.20 米层收集土壤,晾干并研磨。测定器官和土壤中的总氮和过量的 15N 原子,并计算从肥料中获得的氮。无花果树的一年生器官,包括叶片、果实和幼芽,在两个时间点的土壤施肥中都表现出最高的氮积累量,且氮吸收和积累水平相似。不过,氮肥对幼树的总体含氮量影响很小,不超过 11%。了解肥料中的氮在无花果树器官中的去向,有助于在建议氮剂量时做出更精确的调整。
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The Fate of Soil-Applied Nitrogen in the Fig Tree
The timing of nitrogen fertilizer application in an orchard can determine the amount of nitrogen (N) absorbed, distributed, and accumulated in fig tree organs. This study aimed to evaluate the fate of nitrogen (N) applied to the fig tree at different times in the soil. The experiment was conducted in the 2009–2010 crop season. The planted trees belonged to the cultivar Roxo de Valinhos, in the São João Del Rei municipality of Minas Gerais state (MG), Brazil. The treatments were the application of 20 kg N ha−1 as urea, enriched with 2% excess 15N atoms, on September 30 (T1) or on October 30 (T2). In January 2010, the fig trees were cut down and separated into fruit, leaves, new shoots and shoots from previous years, and the stem. The harvested parts were dried, weighed, and ground. Soil was collected from the 0.00–0.10 and 0.10–0.20 m layers, dried, and ground. The total N and excess 15N atoms in the organs and in the soil were determined, and the N derived from the fertilizer was calculated. The annual organs of the fig tree, including leaves, fruit, and young shoots, exhibited the highest accumulation of N from soil application at both timings, with similar N uptake and accumulation levels. However, nitrogen fertilization had a minimal contribution to the overall nitrogen content in young trees and did not exceed 11%. Understanding the fate of nitrogen derived from fertilizer within the fig tree’s organs will allow for more precise adjustments when recommending nitrogen doses.
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