Potential of Animal Bile as Bio-molluscicide against Land Snail Monacha cartusiana

Background: One of the pests that can be detrimental to crops in agroecosystems is the land snail, also known as Monacha cartusiana. Molluscicides that are chemical are the first line of defense against land snails; however, because of their toxicity to both land and aquatic life, there has been an increase in interest in the discovery of biological molluscicides that are acceptable and eco-friendly. These molluscicides are a natural and environmentally safe alternative to synthetic poisons. Methods: The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of animal bile liquid against Monacha cartusiana in vitro. Molluscicides were tested using a dipping approach on snails isolated from agricultural land. PBS was utilized as a control. Furthermore, four different concentrations of extract (12.5, 25, 50 and 100%) were evaluated across different periods, and changes in snail viability were recorded (5, 10, 20 and 40 minutes). A chemical analysis was carried out using GC-MS to determine the presence of numerous expected active chemical components in animal bile fluids. Result: The results clear that the bile had significant efficacy in killing snails at 100%, 61%, 41% and 20% after 20 hours. The findings suggest that bile contains potent chemicals and is a promising strategy for molluscicide. More research is needed to identify the specific active compounds found in animal bile, as well as their modes of action and application in vivo.