有针对性地操纵垂直传播的内生菌,使葡萄树获得有益性状

Chun-Xiao Chen, Li-Rong Guo, Yu-Tao Wang, Yun Wen, Yu Li, Chun-Xi Lu, Ping Zhou, Shuang-Ye Huang, Yi-Qian Li, X. Pan, Shu-Sheng Zhu, Ming-Zhi Yang
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摘要

具有多寄主支持功能的垂直传播内生菌(VTE)被认为是植物获得的可遗传性状,可以通过操纵这些内生菌来培育具有稳定遗传性状的植物,在此定义为 "植物内生菌改良(PEM)"。为了将这一假定的战略转化为农业和园艺实践,我们将抗真菌病原菌蜡样芽孢杆菌(菌株编号:ZX-2)引入葡萄插条,并将插条培育成葡萄植株,从而实现了植物内生修饰(PEM)。菌株 XZ-2 能高效感染葡萄插条,并在受感染插条的内部、随后长成的葡萄植株的各个部位以及下一年新长出的葡萄枝叶上定植。通过高通量测序分析葡萄树的内生微生物群,发现外源 ZX-2 的定植略微影响了内生微生物的多样性,同时显著改变了 ZX-2 改性葡萄树(ZX-2mg)内生微生物群的组成和预测表型。最重要的是,ZX-2mg 的叶片(来自第一年和第二年的葡萄树)与对照葡萄树的叶片相比,抗真菌病原体的能力明显更高(p < 0.001),自然病变面积也更小。在所有检测到的葡萄藤中,真菌病原体抑制率与蜡样芽孢杆菌(ZX-2)分离率之间存在显著相关性(N = 37,r = 0.418;p < 0.01)。此外,ZX-2mg 还具有一定的生长促进作用,并能延迟(15-20 天)叶片脱落。这项工作确立了通过 PEM 培育具有特定 VTE 功能的植物品系的替代战略,证实了 PEM 在未来有机农业系统中的实用价值。
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Targeted Manipulation of Vertically Transmitted Endophytes to Confer Beneficial Traits in Grapevines
Vertically transmitted endophytes (VTEs) with multi-host-supporting functions are considered plant-acquired heritable traits, which can be manipulated to develop plants with the stable inheritance of these VTEs, defined here as ‘plant endophytic modification (PEM)’. To translate this hypothetical strategy into agricultural and horticultural practice, a PEM was carried out by introducing an anti-fungal pathogenic bacterium, Bacillus cereus (strain ID: ZX-2), into grapevine cuttings and growing the cuttings into vine plants. Bacterial strain XZ-2 is highly efficient in infecting grapevine cuttings and colonizing the interior of the infected cuttings, various parts of the subsequently established vine plants, and next year’s emerging vine shoots and leaves. Profiling the endophytic microbiota by high-throughput sequencing to the grapevines revealed that the colonization with exogenous ZX-2 slightly affected endophytic diversity, while significantly altering the composition and the predicted phenotypes of endophytic microbiota in ZX-2-modified grapevines (ZX-2mg). Most importantly, leaves (from both first- and second-year grapevines) of ZX-2mg conferred significantly higher (p < 0.001) anti-fungal pathogen abilities and a reduction in naturally occurring lesion area than leaves compared to the control grapevines. For all detected vines, a significant correlation (N = 37, r = 0.418; p < 0.01) between fungal pathogen inhibition rates and B. cereus (ZX-2) isolation rates was observed. In addition, ZX-2mg showed some growth promotion and a delay (15–20 days) in leaf abscission. The work established an alternative strategy to create plant lines with functions of specific VTEs via PEM, confirming the practical value of PEM in future organic farming systems.
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