新西兰奥特亚罗瓦地区三种同域高山蚱蜢(直翅目:蚱科:Catantopinae)对食用植物气味的感知能力

IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Chemoecology Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI:10.1007/s00049-024-00403-8
Mari Nakano, Kye Chung Park, Steven A. Trewick, Mary Morgan-Richards
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引用次数: 0

摘要

高山蚱蜢 Sigaus nivalis、Sigaus australis 和 Sigaus nitidus 是新西兰奥特亚罗瓦南岛中部山区的同域生物。这些蚱蜢以一系列高山植物为食,但偏爱双子叶植物而非单子叶植物。由于草食性昆虫通常利用嗅觉和味觉来定位和识别食物植物,因此预计这些蚱蜢会对它们最喜欢的食物表现出敏感性,并可能对非寄主植物表现出敏感性。在这里,我们确定了这三种同域蚱蜢在人工饲养条件下的取食偏好,允许它们在六种本地高山植物中做出相同的选择。我们使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了实验中所用植物的化学成分,然后使用电触觉图(EAG)记录了蚱蜢对植物气味(合成化合物)的嗅觉反应。蚱蜢能够区分潜在的食物植物,它们吃了灌木 Coriaria sarmentosa,但没有吃禾本科植物 Chionochloa pallens,不过,我们在这六种植物中检测到的化学物质非常相似。与萜类化合物(α-黄柏烯、β-月桂烯、β-ocimene、桉叶油醇)相比,我们对脂肪酸衍生的醛(癸醛、(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛、己醛)和一种 6 碳醇((Z)-2-己烯-1-醇)的敏感度较高、(S)-(-)-柠檬烯、(1S)-(-)-α-蒎烯)或芳香族化合物(2-苯乙醇),没有观察到物种或性别对特定化合物的敏感性。由于醛类和醇类化合物会在植物受损时释放出来,因此这些通性蚱蜢可能对受损植物的气味而不是特定物种的植物气味很敏感。
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Food plant odor perception in three sympatric alpine grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Catantopinae) in Aotearoa New Zealand

The alpine grasshoppers Sigaus nivalis, Sigaus australis and Sigaus nitidus are sympatric in the central mountains of South Island, Aotearoa New Zealand. These grasshoppers feed on a range of alpine plants but show preference towards dicots over monocots. Because herbivorous insects often use smell and taste to locate and recognize food plants it was expected that these grasshoppers would show sensitivity to their favorite foods and potential sensitivity to nonhost plants. Here, we determined feeding preference in captivity allowing each of these three sympatric grasshoppers the same choice of six native alpine plant species. We analyzed the chemical compositions of the plants used in these experiments using gas-chromatograph coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and then recorded olfactory responses in the grasshoppers to plant-derived smells (with synthetic compounds) using electroantennogram (EAG). The grasshoppers were able to distinguish between the potential food plants and ate the shrub Coriaria sarmentosa but not the grass Chionochloa pallens, however, the chemicals we detected in the six plant species were very similar. High sensitivity to fatty acid derived aldehydes (decanal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, hexanal) and a 6-carbon alcohol ((Z)-2-hexen-1-ol) compared to terpenoids (α-phellandrene, β-myrcene, β-ocimene, eucalyptol, (S)-(-)-limonene, (1S)-(-)-α-pinene) or an aromatic compound (2-phenylethanol) was recorded in the antennae of all three grasshopper species and no species- or sex-specific sensitivity to particular compounds was observed. As aldehydes and alcohols are emitted upon plant damage, it is possible that these generalist grasshoppers are sensitive to the smells of damaged plants rather than species-specific plant smells.

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来源期刊
Chemoecology
Chemoecology 环境科学-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
11
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: It is the aim of Chemoecology to promote and stimulate basic science in the field of chemical ecology by publishing research papers that integrate evolution and/or ecology and chemistry in an attempt to increase our understanding of the biological significance of natural products. Its scopes cover the evolutionary biology, mechanisms and chemistry of biotic interactions and the evolution and synthesis of the underlying natural products. Manuscripts on the evolution and ecology of trophic relationships, intra- and interspecific communication, competition, and other kinds of chemical communication in all types of organismic interactions will be considered suitable for publication. Ecological studies of trophic interactions will be considered also if they are based on the information of the transmission of natural products (e.g. fatty acids) through the food-chain. Chemoecology further publishes papers that relate to the evolution and ecology of interactions mediated by non-volatile compounds (e.g. adhesive secretions). Mechanistic approaches may include the identification, biosynthesis and metabolism of substances that carry information and the elucidation of receptor- and transduction systems using physiological, biochemical and molecular techniques. Papers describing the structure and functional morphology of organs involved in chemical communication will also be considered.
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