Poststocking Behavior and Survival of Large Yearling Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) in Two Northern Iowa Natural Lakes

Muskellunge are commonly stocked to maintain populations throughout much of North America. Poststocking survival is variable, and many jurisdictions are experimenting with stocking Muskellunge at advanced life stages (e.g., yearlings) or sizes to promote more consistent recruitment within populations. Yet, little is known about short-term poststocking behavior or survival of Muskellunge in natural lakes or if stocking larger fish results in improved poststocking survival. Radiotelemetry was used to evaluate the behavior and survival of large (mean of 418 mm; standard error of 3.4) spring-stocked yearling Muskellunge in two northern Iowa natural lakes of varying biotic and abiotic complexity. Hatchery-reared Muskellunge were fitted with radio transmitters (n = 10–15 fish/lake), stocked in each lake with conspecifics, and tracked either daily or weekly up to 112 days poststocking. Telemetry data were used to evaluate dispersal and movement, depth and vegetation use, proximity to shore, and survival. In both lakes, fish dispersed rapidly from each stocking site. Movement among lakes was similar and peaked during the first week poststocking and declined thereafter. Muskellunge were frequently located in offshore habitats in both lakes, but both depth and vegetation use varied among lakes and weeks poststocking, with Muskellunge found in deeper, more vegetated habitats in the larger, more complex natural lake. Muskellunge in both systems had high poststocking survival (86.7–90.0%). The results of this study provide managers with more information regarding yearling Muskellunge poststocking behavior and survival and indicate that larger fish may be a suitable alternative for fisheries where high poststocking mortality may be acting as a bottleneck for maintaining quality Muskellunge fisheries.