Bioconvection in Williamson hybrid nanofluid with thermal radiation, chemical reactions, and motile microorganisms on stretched surface

In this paper, we investigate the heat transfer characteristics of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with Williamson hybrid nanofluid (HNF), considering the influence of bioconvection as well as a chemical reaction on a stretched surface. We observe no investigation on bioconvection Williamson HNFs flow in the literature, which is a novel contribution to the literature. The recent study seeks to enhance the heat transfer rate by investigating inclined magnetic field, along with the interplay of bioconvection and chemical reactions. The employed hybrid nanoparticles consist of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and copper (Cu) suspended in base fluid (water). The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are changed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through an appropriate similarity transformation. These ODEs are subsequently analyzed employing the MATLAB bvp4c approach numerically. This study presents comprehensive insights into the behavior of distinct parameters, conveyed through phase portraits of temperature, velocity, nanoparticle concentration, as well as microorganism density profiles. The results showed that the momentum profile was inversely affected by increasing Williamson parameter, magnetic force, and inclination angle, while the temperature was boosted with advanced magnetic field, radiation parameter as well as Brownian motion parameter values.