Kristin J. Ward, Jane Yoo, Weiwei Liu, Jackie Sheridan-Johnson, Bruce G. Taylor
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引用次数: 0
摘要
以问题为导向的警务(POP)和热点警务文献最近指出,有必要进行实施研究,以了解可以改进哪些实施工作以及如何改进实施工作,从而确保这些警务方法产生最大影响。然而,有关实施 POP 和/或热点警务的实证研究十分有限,有关促进或阻碍实施此类警务方法的因素的实证证据似乎也很有限。因此,这项研究非常及时,有助于人们了解实施的驱动因素,从而帮助确保适当安装警务方法,以达到预期的效果、可持续性和传播性。通过对定性数据的分析,我们得出了一个经验模型,该模型确定了社会、系统、社区、组织和个人五个层面的多种因素。每个层面都包含一系列促进或阻碍我们测试的干预措施实施的因素。这些因素包括但不限于社会对警察的看法(警察的合法性)、司法系统的分流政策、社区对警察机构的支持、领导/主管对 POP 和热点警务的支持、组织资源以及警察的个人特征。我们的模型表明,这些因素相互作用,最终影响了巡警在犯罪热点地区实施民意调查的动机,而他们的动机又导致了不同程度的实施。通过这项研究,我们为警察机构提供了以实施科学为依据的实际行动,以更有力地实施非传统警务实践。可以对这些行动进行测试,以了解它们是否对犯罪和其他结果产生了显著而积极的影响。
Factors that Facilitate and Hinder Implementation of a Problem Oriented Policing Intervention in Crime Hot Spots: Suggestions to Improve Implementation Based on a Field Experiment
The problem-oriented policing (POP) and hot spots literatures have more recently noted the need for implementation studies to understand what and how implementation could be improved to ensure the greatest impact of these policing approaches. However, there are limited empirical studies on implementation of POP and/or hot spots policing, and there appears to be limited empirical evidence of factors that facilitate or hinder implementation of such policing approaches. Therefore, this study is timely for contributing to the understanding of implementation drivers that help ensure proper installment of policing approaches for desired impact, sustainability, and spread. Our analysis of qualitative data resulted in an empirically derived model that identifies multiple factors within five levels: society, system, community, organization and individual. Each level contains a set of factors that either facilitated or hindered implementation of the interventions that we tested. These factors include but are not limited to society’s perceptions of police officers (police legitimacy), justice systems’ diversion policies, community support of police agencies, leadership/supervisor support of POP and hot spots policing, organizational resources, and individual characteristics of police officers. Our model describes that these factors interact to ultimately influence patrol officers’ motivation to implement POP in crime hot spots, and that their motivation leads to varying degrees of implementation. As a result of this study, we offer implementation science-informed practical actions for police agencies to achieve stronger implementation of nontraditional policing practices. These actions can be tested to understand if they have significant and positive impact on crime and other outcomes.
期刊介绍:
Police Quarterly is a scholarly, peer-reviewed journal that publishes theoretical contributions, empirical studies, essays, comparative analyses, critiques, innovative program descriptions, debates, and book reviews on issues related to policing.