Microbial Fuel Cells: Their Shapes, Designs, and Transportation Methods (Mini Review)

Over the past century, and particularly in the last two decades, there has been a massive increase in the need for efficient and sustainable methods of generating energy from waste items. Due to the exponential rise in effluent-laden wastewater from businesses, the food and agriculture sectors, and the environment, wastewater treatment has also received a lot of attention in recent years. Numerous wastewater treatment methods have been developed throughout the years, but most of them fall short in terms of energy recovery rates, durability, and cost-effectiveness. Since microbial fuel cells carry out bio-electrochemical reactions on organic, biodegradable substances to oxidize them and produce electricity that can be used, they can be a significant help in addressing both of these problems at once. In this overview, we go over the elements that determine the microbial fuel cell’s performance, how they work, how protons and electrons are transferred, the many forms that were created in terms of advantages and disadvantages, and the fuel that these cells run on.