The roles of media ingredients in muscle cell culture for cultured meat production—A mini-review

This review was conducted to provide basic knowledge in developing new culture media for cultured meat production by compiling research on how the main media components affect cell proliferation and muscle differentiation. The culturing process can be divided into five processes: cell acquisition, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, myotube formation, and muscle maturation. To date, cultural media research has shown that amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates mainly act as energy and nutrient sources for cell proliferation and muscle production, and minerals mainly play roles as regulators of cell proliferation and muscle production. Vitamins not only protect cells from oxidative stress but also promote cell growth and regulate cell growth-related genes. Additionally, cytokines play a role in regulating genes related to muscle proliferation and regeneration, and hormones, such as growth factors, insulin, and thyroid hormones, benefit muscle growth and regulation.