Glycemic variability after mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke.

Introduction: Morbidity remains high among patients who undergo successful mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO). Stress hyperglycemia worsens the prognosis after acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but aggressively treating hyperglycemia does not improve the outcome. There is no consensus on how to best manage glycemia after AIS. Glycemic variability (GV) reflects glycemic fluctuations over time and could be the culprit. We aimed to elucidate how GV impacts outcome of AIS patients treated with MT.

Patients and methods: This was a single-center retrospective study. We consecutively included AIS patients who received MT for anterior circulation LVO. We recorded discrete blood glucose measurements within the first 24 hours post thrombectomy, from which we calculated two measures of GV: standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify predictors of poor functional outcome (modified Ranking scale score 3-6) and mortality at 3-month follow-up.

Results: We included 657 patients. Patients with poor functional outcome (42.5%) and patients that died (14.8%) had significantly higher GV as measured by SD. In a multivariable model adjusted for confounders, higher SD was associated with mortality -adjusted odds ratio: 1.020 (95% CI 1.001-1.040)- but not with functional outcome -adjusted odds ratio for modified Ranking scale score 3-6: 1.007 (95% CI 0.990-1.025)-.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher GV after MT for anterior circulation AIS is an independent risk factor for 3-month mortality. Future trials should evaluate the benefit of reducing GV in this setting.