Levina Chandra Khoe, Muchtaruddin Mansyur, Virginia Wiseman, Augustine Asante
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引用次数: 0
摘要
印度尼西亚法律规定,每个雇主都应为其雇员提供医疗保险和工伤事故保险。然而,在印尼工人中,雇主资助保险的覆盖面还存在很大差距。本研究调查了印尼雇主资助保险和工伤事故保险的覆盖率,并分析了印尼未参保工作人口的特征。我们分析了 2018-2022 年间进行的全国劳动力调查(NLFS)中具有全国代表性的横截面数据。主要因变量是雇主提供医疗保险和工伤保险的情况。自变量包括是否有任何身体残疾、工作时数、就业期限、工会会员身份、收入至少达到省最低工资标准、是否签订书面合同以及是否从事高风险工作。使用 R 统计软件进行了逻辑回归。研究结果表明,印尼雇主资助的医疗保险覆盖率较低,从2018年的36.1%到2022年的38.4%不等。有书面合同、收入至少达到省最低工资标准、是工会成员、受雇至少5年、每周工作40小时以上的工人更有可能获得保险。相比之下,身体残疾或从事高风险工作的工人投保的可能性较低。我们的研究得出结论,在印尼,拥有书面雇佣合同是解释雇主资助医疗保险提供情况的唯一最具影响力的因素。因此,印尼的劳动法应正式规定,无论工作类型和性质如何,所有工人都应签订书面雇佣合同。应执行有关医疗保险和工伤事故保险的现行法律,以确保雇主履行《宪法》规定的义务,为其工人,尤其是从事高风险工作的工人提供这些类型的保险。
What explains the provision of health insurance by Indonesian employers? A trend analysis of the National Labour Force Survey 2018-2022.
Indonesian laws mandate that every employer should provide health insurance and work accident insurance to their employees. Nevertheless, there is a significant gap in the coverage of employer-sponsored insurance among Indonesian workers. This study examines the coverage of employer-sponsored insurance and work accident insurance and analyses the characteristics of the uninsured working population in Indonesia. We analysed nationally representative cross-sectional data from the National Labour Force Survey (NLFS) conducted between 2018 and 2022. The primary dependent variable was the provision of health insurance and work accident insurance by employers. The independent variables included having any physical disabilities, number of working hours, duration of employment, labour union membership, earning at least the provincial minimum wage, having a written contract and working in high risk jobs. Logistic regression was employed using the R statistical software. The findings indicate that coverage of employer-sponsored health insurance is low in Indonesia-ranging from 36.1% in 2018 to 38.4% in 2022. Workers with a written contract, earning at least the provincial minimum wage, were members of a labour union, employed for at least 5 years and working more than 40 hours a week were more likely to be insured. By contrast, workers who had physical disabilities or were employed in high-risk jobs were less likely to be insured. Our study concludes that having a written employment contract is the single most influential factor that explains the provision of employer-sponsored health insurance in Indonesia. The country's labour laws should therefore formalize the provision of written employment contracts for all workers regardless of the type and nature of work. The existing laws on health insurance and work accident insurance should be enforced to ensure that employers meet their constitutionally mandated obligation of providing these types of insurance to their workers, particularly those engaged in high risk jobs.
期刊介绍:
Health Policy and Planning publishes health policy and systems research focusing on low- and middle-income countries.
Our journal provides an international forum for publishing original and high-quality research that addresses questions pertinent to policy-makers, public health researchers and practitioners. Health Policy and Planning is published 10 times a year.