Comprehensive Analysis of Craniopharyngioma: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Management Strategies, and Role of Radiotherapy.

Background/aim: Craniopharyngiomas pose challenges in diagnosis and management due to their rare occurrence and diverse clinical manifestations. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of cranio-pharyngioma, including its epidemiological trends, clinical presentations, radiological characteristics, surgical interventions, and the role of radiotherapy.

Patients and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 23 patients diagnosed with craniopharyngioma at our hospital from August 2017 to July 2019. Data regarding demographics, clinical presentation, radiological findings, surgical interventions, and adjuvant therapies were collected and analyzed.

Results: Craniopharyngiomas exhibited a bimodal age distribution, with peaks in childhood and late adulthood. Clinical presentations varied between pediatric and adult patients, with headache and nausea/vomiting predominant in children, and visual disturbances and hypogonadism more common in adults. Radiological imaging revealed predominantly suprasellar localization and varying tumor consistency. Surgical resection was the primary treatment modality, with post-operative complications including diabetes insipidus and cerebrospinal fluid leak. Histological analysis showed distinct subtypes, with the adamantinomatous subtype predominant in children and the papillary subtype in adults. Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered in cases of incomplete resection or tumor recurrence.

Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive insights into the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, radiological features, surgical interventions, and role of radiotherapy in craniopharyngioma management. Understanding these aspects is crucial for tailoring optimal treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes in this complex clinical scenario.