伊拉克东北部库尔德斯坦地区 Sirna 锰-铁矿床的矿物学和地球化学特征:通过蛇纹岩化热液机制揭示锰铁硅胶羽流的形成过程

IF 1.1 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOLOGY Resource Geology Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI:10.1111/rge.12336
Yousif Mohammad, Dnya Latif, Mohammad Pirouei, Danar Omer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项研究探讨了位于伊拉克东北部库尔德斯坦地区扎格罗斯缝合带晚白垩世瓦拉什组的锡尔纳地区锰铁矿床的矿物学和地球化学特征。我们的调查包括实地勘测、矿石岩相检查,此外还使用 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜-电子显微镜分析、X 射线荧光分析和电感耦合等离子体质谱技术对一组具有代表性的样品进行了分析。在瓦拉什组的下部灰色软页岩地层和上部块状石灰岩地层之间,突出了一个巨大的锰铁卵形矿体,直径达 25 米。该矿床明显分为三层:下层以大量氧化硅为特征,上层富含氧化锰,过渡层以赤铁矿(Fe2O3)为主。从地球化学角度来看,从矿床下部到上部,Fe2O3 和 SiO2 逐渐减少,而 MnO、BaO 和 SO3 则逐渐增加。锰-铁矿化在一个小的限制性片状矿体中的共同结合表明,它们在遗传上是相关的。在锡尔纳锰铁矿床中,主要的锰和铁矿物相为红柱石、荷兰石和赤铁矿。同时,该矿床的煤矸石矿物包括隐晶球状石英、重晶石、方解石和磷灰石。锡尔纳锰铁矿床显示出地球化学特征,如上部锰地层和过渡铁地层分别含有较高的氧化锰(高达 68 wt.%)和大量的 Fe2O3(高达 45 wt.%)。钴/锌比率(0.28)、钴/镭比率(1.78)、低含量的过渡元素(钴+镍+铜<0.01 wt.%)和不同浓度的钡(高达 6.9 wt.%)表明,锡兰锰铁矿床很可能源自锰铁硅凝胶羽流,该羽流是从与蛇纹岩化有关的热液中分离出来的。这一过程被认为发生在俯冲带的地幔楔中,通常是在弧形构造环境中。此外,该研究区域还存在微生物残留物,如 EPS 层、不同类型的丝状物,这些残留物被生物矿物密集覆盖,是锰-铁矿化过程中微生物作用的重要证据。
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Mineralogical and geochemical features of the Sirna Mn‐Fe deposit in the Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq: Unveiling the formation of a Mn‐Fe silica gel plume via serpentinization hydrothermal mechanisms
The study probes the mineralogical and geochemical features of manganese‐iron deposits located in the Sirna area, which is a part of the late Cretaceous Walash Group in the Zagros suture zone, situated in the Kurdistan region of northeastern Iraq. Our investigation comprised field surveys, examination of ore petrography, besides using x‐ray diffraction, SEM‐EDS analysis, x‐ray fluorescence analyses, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques conducted on a set of representative samples. A significant Mn‐Fe ovoidal ore body, extending across 25 meters in diameter, protrudes between the lower strata of soft gray shale and the upper strata of massive limestone within the Walash group. The deposit exhibits a distinct separation into three layers: a lower horizon characterized by abundance of oxide of silicon, an upper horizon enriched in manganese oxide, and a transition layer dominated by hematite (Fe2O3). From a geochemical perspective, there is a gradual decrease in Fe2O3 and SiO2 from the lower to the upper part of the deposit, while MnO, BaO, and SO3 demonstrate a gradual increase. The co‐association of Mn‐Fe‐mineralization in a small restricted tabular ore body suggests that they are genetically related. Within the Sirna manganese‐iron deposit, the prevalent manganese and iron mineral phases are braunite, hollandite, and hematite. Concurrently, the gangue minerals in this deposit encompass cryptocrystalline spheroidal quartz, barite, calcite, and apatite. The Sirna Mn‐Fe deposit exhibits geochemical characteristics such as elevated levels of MnO (reaching up to 68 wt.%) and significant Fe2O3 content (up to 45 wt.%) in the upper manganese and transitional iron horizons, respectively. The Co/Zn ratio (0.28), Ce/La ratio (1.78), low levels of transitional elements (Co + Ni + Cu <0.01 wt.%), and varying concentrations of Ba (up to 6.9 wt.%) suggest that the Siran Mn‐Fe deposit is likely originated from a manganese‐iron silica gel plume that separated from hydrothermal fluids linked to serpentinization. This process is thought to have occurred in the mantle wedge along subduction zone, typically within an arc tectonic environment. Moreover, the presence of remnants of micro‐organisms such as EPS layers, different types of filaments, which are densely covered by biominerals, are important evidence of microbial effect in the mineralization of Mn‐Fe in the study area.
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来源期刊
Resource Geology
Resource Geology 地学-地质学
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
14.30%
发文量
18
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Resource Geology is an international journal focusing on economic geology, geochemistry and environmental geology. Its purpose is to contribute to the promotion of earth sciences related to metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits mainly in Asia, Oceania and the Circum-Pacific region, although other parts of the world are also considered. Launched in 1998 by the Society for Resource Geology, the journal is published quarterly in English, making it more accessible to the international geological community. The journal publishes high quality papers of interest to those engaged in research and exploration of mineral deposits.
期刊最新文献
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