Transcriptional Regulation in the Control of Aging and Longevity

Transcription regulation is required for correct differential gene expression, which determines the development and function of all cells in the organism throughout the lifespan, ensuring adaptability to continuously changing environments. Altered transcriptional regulation causes gene function rearrangements, which alter the phenotype, including aging rate and lifespan. In this regard, there has recently been a great interest in the application of technologies based on the “rejuvenation” of the transcriptome due to the modification of regulatory mechanisms that determine the level and pattern of gene expression. To develop such an approach to slowing down aging and prolonging life, it is important to understand how the transcription of individual genes and the entire transcriptome changes with age, as well as how the transcriptional machinery of the cell and mechanisms of transcription regulation are related to the aging process and longevity control. Addressing these issues in the review, we discuss the prospects of using transcription regulation as a strategy for extending life and improving its quality.