模拟高性能内存分配器

José L. Risco-Martín, J. Manuel Colmenar, David Atienza, J. Ignacio Hidalgo
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摘要

在过去的三十年里,人们提出了各种各样的内存分配器。由于每种内存分配器的性能、内存使用量和能耗各不相同,软件工程师在为其应用程序选择最合适的方法时常常面临困难的抉择。为此,需要从头开始开发自定义分配器,这是一个困难且容易出错的过程。这个问题在便携式消费嵌入式系统领域具有特殊的影响,因为这些系统必须执行数量有限的多媒体应用,要求在低能耗的情况下实现高性能和大量内存使用。本文介绍了一种灵活高效的模拟器,用于研究由一个或多个内存分配器组成的动态内存管理器(DMM)。这种新颖的方法允许程序员模拟定制的和通用的 DMM,这些 DMM 的组成不会产生任何额外的运行时开销或额外的编程成本。我们的研究表明,这种基础架构简化了 DMM 的构建,这主要是因为目标应用程序无需在每次评估新的 DMM 时都进行编译,而且我们提出了一种结构化方法,以面向对象的方式搜索和构建 DMM。在搜索过程中,系统设计人员可以针对特定的目标应用和嵌入式系统,通过模拟选择 "最佳 "分配器。在评估中,我们发现与单一内存分配器相比,我们的方案性能更好、内存使用量更少、能耗更低。
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Simulation of high-performance memory allocators
For the last thirty years, a large variety of memory allocators have been proposed. Since performance, memory usage and energy consumption of each memory allocator differs, software engineers often face difficult choices in selecting the most suitable approach for their applications. To this end, custom allocators are developed from scratch, which is a difficult and error-prone process. This issue has special impact in the field of portable consumer embedded systems, that must execute a limited amount of multimedia applications, demanding high performance and extensive memory usage at a low energy consumption. This paper presents a flexible and efficient simulator to study Dynamic Memory Managers (DMMs), a composition of one or more memory allocators. This novel approach allows programmers to simulate custom and general DMMs, which can be composed without incurring any additional runtime overhead or additional programming cost. We show that this infrastructure simplifies DMM construction, mainly because the target application does not need to be compiled every time a new DMM must be evaluated and because we propose a structured method to search and build DMMs in an object-oriented fashion. Within a search procedure, the system designer can choose the "best" allocator by simulation for a particular target application and embedded system. In our evaluation, we show that our scheme delivers better performance, less memory usage and less energy consumption than single memory allocators.
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