Predicting acute complications in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography based on the severity and onset of post-procedural pain

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a standard procedure used for diagnosing and treating pancreaticobiliary disorders, has the highest rate of complications among endoscopic procedures. We aimed to evaluate the association of post-ERCP pain onset and its severity with the development of acute complications. This cross-sectional study included 172 candidates for ERCP who were referred to Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, from January 21, 2021, to January 21, 2022. Demographic features of the participants, including age and gender, were recorded. ERCP indications, complications during and after ERCP, and narcotic requirements were also noted. Post-ERCP pain severity was evaluated using a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS), with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating the worst pain. Pain severity was evaluated twice: once by the physician and once by the patient. The interval between the procedure and the onset of pain was also recorded. Out of the 172 participants of this study with a mean age of 53.77 ± 20.20 years, 98 (57%) were male. The most typical indication of ERCP was common bile duct stone (36%). Complications during and after ERCP occurred in 2.3% and 2.9%, respectively, with retroperitoneal/sphincterotomy perforation (1.2%) being the most common post-ERCP complication. Post-ERCP pain score (both by patient and physician) was significantly higher in patients with complications compared to those without complications (P < 0.001). The interval between the ERCP procedure and the onset of pain was significantly shorter in patients with post-ERCP complications (P = 0.003). Also, a significantly higher percentage of patients with complications required narcotics (40% vs 1.2%, P = 0.004). Although the presence of post-ERCP pain may not necessarily be indicative of complications, post-ERCP pain severity and onset, as well as narcotic requirement, appear to be associated with the development of post-ERCP complications.