Optimized Design of Plasmonic Biosensor for Cancer Detection: Core Configuration and Nobel Material Coating Innovation

In this research, a new model of the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor, which uses the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) principle, is presented, with a focus on effectively identifying various cancerous cells in the human body. We specifically targeted six different types of cells, namely, Basal, Hela, Jurkat, PC 12, MDA MB 231, and MCF 7, which are linked to skin, cervical, blood, adrenal gland, and two types of breast cancers. The biosensor works by detecting shifts in resonance wavelength (RW) between healthy and infected cells. Our exploration involved a dual-mode investigation, considering both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarization. The wavelength sensitivities (\({{\varvec{S}}}_{{\varvec{W}}}\)) of 4000, 3333.33, 6071.42, 6428.57, 8428.57, and 13,571.42 nm/RIU and 3520, 2916.66, 5000, 7142.85, 8571.42, and 12,857.14 nm/RIU, and amplitude sensitivities (\({{\varvec{S}}}_{{\varvec{A}}}\)) of 2482, 6124, 9773, 13,452, 15,289, and 18,651 RIU⁻¹ and 1467, 2683, 5845, 7243, 10,089, and 16,864 RIU⁻¹, are obtained for TM and TE polarizations, respectively. A sensor resolution (\({{\varvec{S}}}_{{\varvec{R}}}\)) of the order 10⁻⁶ is achieved for both polarizations. Owing to its high sensing parameters and a novel combination of materials, the proposed dual-mode PCF SPR sensor shows significant promise as a valuable tool for perceiving cancer cells, potentially aiding in the early detection and management of various forms of cancer.